外包角钢与碳纤维布复合加固钢筋混凝土柱抗剪性能试验研究

卢亦焱　张　华　张号军　黄银燊
（武汉大学，湖北武汉430072）

摘要：外包角钢与碳纤维布（CFRP）复合加固钢筋混凝土柱是一种新型加固方式。对6根复合加固柱及1根未加固对比柱进行低周反复受剪性能试验研究，探讨影响复合加固柱抗剪性能的因素，并分析不同条件下CFRP与外包钢缀板的应变情况。试验结果表明，复合加固方法能显著提高钢筋混凝土柱的抗剪承载力，试验中最大提高47%，且复合加固柱在破坏时延性得到较大程度的改善。在轴压比较低的范围内，复合加固柱的抗剪承载力随轴压比的增大而增大，但其延性下降。随着钢缀板加固量的增大，复合加固柱的抗剪承载力随之增大。随着复合加固柱剪跨比的增大，其抗剪承载力随之降低，但外加片材应变增大。CFRP与角钢复合加固体系能很好的约束混凝土的横向变形，两种材料能良好地共同工作，但约束材料强度的发挥是有限的，在达到极限承载力时，两种加固材料都不能被充分利用。
关键词：外包角钢；碳纤维布；复合加固；钢筋混凝土柱；抗剪性能；试验研究

Experimental study on the shear behavior of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with bonded steel angles combining with carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets

Lu Yiyan Zhang Hua Zhang Haojun Huang Yinshen
（Wuhan University，Wuhan 430072，China）

Abstract: The objective is to develop an innovative strengthening system for concrete columns by using a combination of externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer（CFRP）sheets and externally bonded steel angles. Experiments were carried out for a non-strengthened control column and six columns strengthened with a combination of bonded CFRP and bonded steel angles， and the strengthening effect on the shear performance were investigated under axial load and cyclic shear load. Factors that affect the shear behavior of the strengthened columns as well as the strains of CFRP and the bonded steel pieces under various conditions were discussed. Experimental results reveal that strengthened columns exhibit higher shear capacity and superior ductility in comparison with the control column， with the shear capacity being increased by up to 47%. At relatively low axial load ratio， shear capacities of the strengthened columns increase with the increase of axial load ratio. With the increase of shear-span ratio， shear capacities decrease，whereas the strains of the bonded materials increase significantly. The combination strengthening system can effectively restrain the transverse deformation of concrete columns， and both CFRP and steel angles can work well with the concrete. However， the restraint effect of the combination strengthening system is limited， neither CFRP nor steel angles can make the best of its strength at ultimate shear capacity state.
Keywords: bonded steel angle；carbon fiber reinforced polymer（CFRP）；combining strengthening；RC column；shear behavior；experimental study
E-mail: yylu901@163.com

荷载横向变位下箱梁顶板与底板的剪滞效应分析

吴亚平　杨　玫　周大为　林丽霞　苏　强
（兰州交通大学，甘肃兰州730070）

摘要：不同于以往荷载作用于箱梁的肋板处时剪力滞效应的研究，考虑当荷载不作用在箱梁的肋板处时顶板与底板位移及剪力滞效应的差异，对顶板与底板分设不同的纵向位移差函数，采用二次抛物线作为箱梁翼缘板的纵向位移沿梁宽分布函数，通过能量变分法，研究荷载在顶板横向变位下箱梁顶板与底板的位移，应力及剪力滞效应的变化，根据对于简支箱梁受均布荷载作用下跨中剪力滞效应的计算结果，随着作用在顶板的对称荷载从对称中心向肋板处移动，顶板将经历一个产生负剪力滞效应到无剪力滞效应，再到产生正剪力滞效应的过程。而与此同时底板的剪力滞效应规律受荷载的移动的影响很小，始终保持正剪力滞效应。计算结果与有限元数值模拟结果吻合较好，验证了理论的可靠性，同时也说明当荷载不作用在箱梁的肋板处时，对顶板与底板分设不同的纵向位移差函数的考虑是正确的。
关键词：箱型梁；剪力滞效应；荷载位置；能量变分法

Analyses of the shear lag effect on the top and bottom plates
of box beams with varying loading locations

Wu Yaping　Yang Mei　Zhou Dawei　Lin Lixia　Su Qiang
( Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China)

Abstract: The shear lag effect of the loading not acting on the webs of box beams was investigated. Due to the variation of shear lag effect, different functions of longitudinal displacement differences were respectively assumed for the top and bottom plates of the box beam and a quadric parabolic was adopted as the function of longitudinal displacement along the flange width. By using the energy variational method, the variation of displacement and the stress and shear lag effect on the top and bottom plates of the box beam with varying load locations were investigated. Based on the calculation results, for the simple box beam subjected to uniform load, with the symmetrical loading on the top plate moving from the symmetric enter to the webs, the shear lag effect on the top plate changes from negative to positive, and the shear lag effect on the bottom plate rarely changes and remains positive. The results are in good agreement with those from finite element method.
Keywords:?box beam; shear lag effect; load location; energy variational method
E-mail: yapingwu@sohu.com

基于模态应变能与神经网络的钢网架损伤检测方法

宋玉普　刘志鑫　纪卫红
（大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室，辽宁大连116023）

Damage diagnosis of spatial trusses based on modal strain energy and neural network

Song Yupu Liu Zhixin Ji Weihong
（State Key Lab. of Coastal and Offshore Eng.，
Dalian University of Technology， Dalian 116024，China）

Abstract:According to network training， Artificial Neural Network （ANN） obtains the relationship between modal parameters and structural damage. Recently， ANN has been widely used for nondestructive damage diagnosis. For large structures， there are a great many of training samples that lead to a large amount of computations， thus ANN is not an efficient method. In order to solve such problem， a two-step approach to damage identification of spatial trusses is proposed. First the modal strain energy， which is sensitive to the structural damage， is used to locate the structural damage approximately; then， the neural network technique is applied to find the damage from those possible locations， and to assess the degree of damage. A numerical example for a spatial truss is provided to verify the practicability of the method. The results show that this two-step method is effective to locate damage and assess damage degree.
Keywords: modal strain energy; neural network technique; spatial truss; damage identification
E-mail: syupu@dlut.edu.cn

钢-混凝土组合梁抗火性能试验研究

李国强¹　周宏宇²
（1.同济大学，上海200092；2.上海江欢成建筑设计有限公司，上海200041）

摘要：对两种组合梁形式：主梁式试件（压型钢板肋平行于钢梁）和次梁式试件（压型钢板肋垂直于钢梁）分别进行了抗火试验。试验中量测了试验炉火升温过程，试件的温度和跨中挠度。通过对试验结果的分析发现：由于混凝土板有明显的阻热作用，组合梁中的混凝土板升温较慢，钢梁升温较快，导致钢梁截面温度分布不均匀；由于高温和外力共同作用下，在梁端发生混凝土抗剪破坏，而栓钉由于受到混凝土的保护，温度较低，栓钉仍能正常发挥抗剪连接作用；跨中挠度达到梁跨的1/30后，变形快速增大，随之在跨中形成一条横向贯穿混凝土楼板的主压溃裂缝，产生塑性铰并形成机构，使简支组合梁产生不适于继续承载的变形，达到破坏。
关键词：钢-混凝土组合梁；抗火试验；抗剪栓钉

Experimental study on the fire-resistance of steel-concrete composite beams

Li Guoqiang¹ Zhou Hongyu²
（1.Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;
2.JIANG’S Architects & Engineers，Shanghai 200041，China）

Abstract:?Fire-resistant tests of two types of steel-concrete composite beams are presented. One is“main beam type”test， in which the steel beam is parallel to the rib of metal deck，and the other is“secondary beam type”test inwhich the steel beam is perpendicular to the rib of metal deck. During the test， the furnace temperature， temperature of different sections of the specimens and mid-span deflection are measured. The conclusions are as follows: 1） the temperature of the concrete slab rises much slower than that of the steel beam， and has a great influence on temperature distribution of cross section of the steel beam due to the low thermal conductivity of the concrete slab; 2） due to the high temperature and imposed load， shear failure of the concrete occurs possibly at the end of the beam. However， shear studs remain intact thanks to the protection from the concrete slab; 3） once the mid-span deflection reaches 1/30 of the beam span，the deflection will rapidly and continuously increase until a distinguished crush crack occurs in the concrete slab，named as“plastic hinge”formed in the mid span of the specimens.
Keywords:steel-concrete composite beam；fire-resistant test；shear stud
E-mail: gqli@mail.tongji.edu.cn

单层平面索网幕墙结构玻璃与索网协同工作的动力性能研究

冯若强¹　花定兴²　武　岳³　沈世钊³
（1. 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院，广东深圳518055；
2.深圳市三鑫特种玻璃技术股份有限公司，广东深圳518054；
3.哈尔滨工业大学空间结构研究中心， 黑龙江哈尔滨150090）

摘要：采用模型试验和理论分析的方法对单层平面索网玻璃幕墙结构玻璃与索协同工作的动力性能进行研究。首先通过结构自振特性试验研究玻璃对于索网结构频率、振型以及阻尼的影响，然后提出了动力荷载作用下玻璃与索网的协同工作机理，据此建立玻璃与索网协同工作的数值模型，采用该模型从理论上分析了结构的自振特性。理论分析和试验结果表明：玻璃的抗弯效应对结构第一阶模态影响较小，对结构的高阶模态影响比较明显；索网+玻璃结构的阻尼远大于索网的阻尼，玻璃幕墙结构的阻尼比主要是由玻璃提供的。
关键词：点支式玻璃幕墙；索结构；玻璃结构；协同工作

Dynamic performance of cable net facade with consideration of glass panels

Feng Ruoqiang¹　Hua Dingxing²　Wu Yue³　Shen Shizhao³
（1. Shenzhen Graduate School，Harbin Institute of Technology，Shenzhen 518055，China；
2. SanXin Glass Technology CO.，Shenzhen 518054，China；
3. Space Structure Research Center，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150090，China）

Abstract: Model test and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the dynamic performance of cable net facade with consideration of glass panels. First the effects of glass panels on the natural frequencies，vibration modes and damping were investigated with dynamic characteristics test，then the working mechanism of glass panels in coordination with cable net was proposed，and accordingly a numerical model of glass panels in coordination with cable net was built for the dynamic analysis. The study indicates that: the bending stiffness of glass panels has little effect on the first vibration mode of cable net facade，while the effect on the high vibration modes is significant; the damping of the cable net with glass panels is much higher than that of the cable net alone，as is mainly decided by glass panels.
Keywords:dot point supported glass curtain；cable structure；glass structure; work in coordination
E-mail: hitfeng@163.com

钢管混凝土梁在侧向冲击荷载作用下动力响应的试验研究和数值模拟

王　蕊　李　珠　任够平　张善元
（太原理工大学，山西太原030024）

摘要：钢管混凝土构件和其他材料的结构构件一样，在役期间不可避免地要受到意外撞击，为了了解其破坏过程进而为结构设计提供理论依据，对套箍系数分别为1、1.15和1.9的两端简支钢管混凝土梁在不同侧向冲击能作用下的动力响应进行试验研究和仿真分析。动载试验在DHR-9401落锤式冲击实验机上进行，试验过程中通过力传感器和应变片记录冲击力时程曲线和试件特定位置的应变时程曲线，试验结束后测量试件整个跨度范围内的侧向位移，获得试件残余变形模态。利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件，采用PLASTIC-KINEMATIC和SOIL-CONCRETE材料模型分别模拟钢管和其核心混凝土材料，对试验过程进行数值模拟，得到的跨中挠度和冲击力时程曲线与试验结果非常一致，进而对试件的应变变化情况进行深入的研究，给出钢管混凝土试件的临界破坏状态。研究结果表明，套箍系数是影响构件临界破坏能量的一个最重要的因素，临界破坏能是套箍系数的二次函数。
关键词：钢管混凝土；侧向冲击；动力响应；破坏能量；套箍系数

Experimental study and numerical simulation of the dynamic response of
concrete filled steel tubes under lateral impact load

Wang Rui Li Zhu Ren Gouping Zhang Shanyuan
（Taiyuan University of Technology，Taiyuan 030024，China）

Abstract: Experiment and numerical simulation were conducted to study the dynamic response of simply supported beams of concrete filled steel tubes with different casing hoop steel coefficients. The experiments were carried out on the DHR-9401 drop hammer test machine， and the residual deformation modes and the time history curves of impact loads were recorded. The concrete-filled steel tube under impact load was analyzed by using the LS-DYNA software， and the results were in the fair agreement with the experimental ones， with some phenomena that cannot be measured in the experiment were simulated， and the critical destroy state was defined. The results indicate that the effect of the casing hoop steel coefficients on the critical destruction energy is obvious and that the critical destruction energy is a quadratic function of the casing hoop steel coefficients.
Keywords: lateral impact；concrete filled steel tube；dynamic response；failure load；casing hoop steel coefficient
E-mail: wangruimao@yahoo.com.cn

两层轻型木结构足尺房屋模型模拟地震振动台试验研究

吕西林¹　程海江¹　卢文胜¹　倪　春²
（1. 同济大学，上海200092；2. Forintek Canada Corp.，Vancouver B.C.，CanadaV6T1W5 ）

摘要：轻型木结构房屋在既往的地震中表现出良好的抗震性能，同时也存在某些方面的不足。对一个两层、足尺、长宽高为6m×6m×6.3m的木框架房屋进行了67个工况的振动台试验，考虑了一层横墙的门洞宽度变化和结构平面布置不对称等研究参数。试验结果表明：在0.2g以下的地震中，模型处于弹性状态；在0.55g的地震中，即使经过多次重复地震，并且一层开洞率达到60%，模型结构仍然不会发生倒塌；结构布置不对称时，结构的加速度和位移反应均较对称结构强烈，并且存在明显的扭转效应。对称结构在0.1g、0.2g和0.4g的地震中，模型结构的最大层间位移角约为1/500、1/250和1/80。试验研究的结果表明，与模型结构类似的对称轻型木结构房屋能够满足我国建筑抗震设计规范（GB 50011-2001）中的8度抗震设防要求。
关键词：轻型木结构；抗震；振动台试验

Shake table tests of a two-storey light wood framed house

Lü Xilin¹Cheng Haijiang¹Lu Wensheng¹　Ni Chun²
（1. Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China；
2. Forintek Canada Corp.，Vancouver B.C.，Canada V6T1W5 ）

Abstract: Light wood framed houses， with their shortcomings， have performed well in past earthquakes. The specimen for shake table tests is a full size two-storey light wood framed house， 6.0m by 6.0m in plan， and 6.3m in height. Both symmetrical configurations with three types of opening sizes and asymmetrical configurations are tested. The test results indicate that the specimens performed elastically and had no visual damage for 0.2g PGA. The tested symmetric building with progressively lager openings can withstand successive applications of three different seismic ground motions in the order of 0.55g PGA without collapse. For the asymmetrical building， the response of acceleration and displacement of specimen were larger than that for symmetrical building. Inter-story drift in the first story was generally bellow 1/500， 1/250 and 1/80 at nominal levels of 0.1g， 0.2g and 0.4g peak table acceleration. The symmetrical light wood framed house specimen can meet the requirements for the seismic intensity of 8 as described in the China Seismic Design Code （GB 50011-2001）.
Keywords: light wood framed structures；seismic；shake table test
E-mail: lxlst@mail.tongji.edu.cn

混凝土结构温差收缩效应分析计算

傅学怡^{1 2}　吴　兵²
（1.中建国际设计顾问有限公司，广东深圳518033；
2.深圳大学建筑设计研究院，广东深圳518060）

摘要：迄今为止，国内外尚未能给出钢筋混凝土结构温差收缩效应合理解。研究提出考虑混凝土徐变收缩时效特性，考虑地基或桩基有限约束刚度，考虑带后浇带结构生成过程的施工模拟和考虑结构施工至使用生命全过程最不利温差取值的计算钢筋混凝土结构温差收缩效应的新方法。典型算例（平面500 m×100 m、双向柱网10 m、6层现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构）计算分析结果表明，以往分析计算方法夸大了基础约束刚度，未按结构施工构成实际情况选取所经历的最不利温度场，未考虑混凝土收缩应变的不利影响，也未考虑混凝土徐变的有利影响，放大了底部结构应力，缩小了上部结构应力。新方法揭示的结构温差收缩效应比较合理准确，对大体量钢筋混凝土建筑结构设计有重要参考价值。
关键词：温差效应；收缩效应；施工模拟；温差取值；基础有限约束刚度；徐变；后浇带

Analysis and calculation of temperature variation and
shrinkage effects on RC building structures

Fu Xueyi^{1 2}　Wu Bing²
（1.China Construction Design International, Shenzhen 518033, China;
2.The Institute of Architecture Design & Research Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China）

Abstract:Currently there is no reasonable solution for temperature variation and shrinkage effects on RC building structures. A new method is presented, which takes into account of the concrete creep and transient shrinkage properties, the limited restraint stiffness of pile or foundation, the construction sequence including the post casting strips, and the most adverse temperature variations in the life of the building structure from construction to usage. The result of analysis and calculation of a typical project example（100 m × 500 m plane, 10 m column spacing, 6 story RC frame structure）shows that the traditional methods overestimated the foundation restraint stiffness as fixed end, adopted the temperature variations without considering the structure framing process in construction, and neglected the concrete creep and shrinkage properties, causing that the stresses in the lower structure enhanced and the stresses in the upper structure reduced, whereas the new method explores those effects reasonably and is valuable for design, especially for large RC building structures.
Keywords: temperature variation effect; shrinkage effect; imitation of construction sequence; selection of temperature variation; the limited restrain stiffness of pile or foundation; creep; casting strip
E-mail: fu_xue_yi@yahoo.com.cn

斜拉桥拉索风雨激振的两质量三自由度理论模型

李寿英¹　陈政清¹　顾　明²
（1.湖南大学，湖南长沙410082；2.同济大学，上海200092）

摘要：斜拉索的风雨激振严重地影响到斜拉索以至于斜拉桥的安全，其机理至今仍无定论。同时考虑拉索面内和面外两个自由度，并假设拉索和水线之间的作用力为库仑阻尼力和线性阻尼力，建立斜拉桥拉索风雨激振的两质量三自由度理论模型。采用Runge-Kutta法对拉索和水线的耦合方程进行数值求解，得到拉索和水线的运动规律。与仅考虑拉索面内自由度的两质量两自由度理论模型相比，考虑拉索面内面外自由度的两质量三自由度理论模型的起振风速区更多，这主要是因为拉索的水平气动力系数也存在突降，且拉索面内面外运动是相互耦合的。水线上的气动力和重力为水线提供总体的平衡；阻尼力则消耗水线的能量；至少一个方向的拉索运动引起的附加惯性力（竖向或水平）一直对水线做正功。
关键词：斜拉索；风雨激振；理论模型；机理；自由度

A theoretical model of rain-wind induced vibration of stay cables:
a coupled two-mass oscillators with three degree-of-freedoms

Li Shouying¹　Chen Zhengqing¹　Gu Ming²
（1.Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
2.Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China）

Abstract:Rain-wind induced vibration of stay cables severely affects the safety of cable-stayed bridges, but unfortunately, up to now the mechanism is still unclear. Assuming the interaction between rivulet and cable surface to be a coulomb damping force and a linear damping force, a new theoretical model of rain-wind induced vibration is established. The presented model includes two cable degrees-of-freedoms（in-plane and out-of-plane）and one rivulet degree-of-freedom. Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the set of equations, and the responses of cable and rivulet are obtained. Comparing with the model in which only the in-plane degree-of-freedom of a stay cable is included, the present model allows rain-wind induced vibration to take place within more wind velocity zones. This is because a sudden decrease also exists in the horizontal aerodynamic force coefficient of a stay cable, and the in-plane and the out-of-plane vibrations are coupled with each other. Whether the rivulet steadily exists on the upper surface of a stay cable depends on the balance between aerodynamic force and gravity. Additional inertia force due to the motion（in-plane or out-of-plane）of the cable supplies energy for the motion of the rivulet, and the damping force between rivulet and cable surface dissipates energy to stabilize the rivulet.
Keywords: stay cable; rain-wind induced vibration; theoretical model; mechanism; degree-of-freedom
E-mail: shyli@hnu.cn

桥梁风洞试验模态参数识别的随机子空间方法

许福友¹　陈艾荣²　朱绍锋²
（1.大连理工大学，辽宁大连116024；2.同济大学，上海200092）

摘要：模态参数识别是桥梁风洞试验中的一项重要内容，发展了基于参考点、无需输出协方差估计的识别振动系统模态参数的随机子空间方法，其识别精度和可靠性通过数值算例验证。对状态空间理论中的稳定图作了全面的阐释。根据苏通大桥和苏拉马都大桥主梁三自由度节段模型风洞试验采集到的位移信号，采用随机子空间方法识别了侧弯、竖弯和扭转模态频率和阻尼比，并且与随机搜索方法识别结果进行对比。分析结果表明，随机子空间方法和随机搜索方法识别结果非常吻合，本文发展的随机子空间方法是识别风洞试验桥梁模态参数的一种有效和实用方法。
关键词：桥梁风洞试验；模态参数识别；稳定图；苏通大桥；苏拉马都大桥

Identification of modal parameters for bridge wind tunnel test
by using a stochastic subspace technique

Xu Fuyou¹Chen Airong² Zhu Shaofeng2
（Ministry of Education ITS Engineering Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China）

Abstract:Identification of modal parameters is animportant content forbridge wind tunnel tests. Without output covariance estimation，a reference-based stochastic subspace technique （SST） for identifying modal parameters of vibration system is developed. The identification precision and reliability can be verified via a numerical example. The stabilization diagram involved in the state space theory is comprehensively expounded. Based on the collected displacement signals of 3-DOF sectional models of the Sutong Bridge and the Suramadu Bridge decks in wind tunnel tests，the lateral bending，vertical bending and torsional frequencies and damping ratios are identified using the SST. The analytical results indicate that they are close to those obtained? using stochastic search algorithm （SSA）. The developed SST is a kind of valid and practical approach for identifying bridge modal parameters in wind tunnel tests.
Keywords:? stochastic subspace technique; bridge wind tunnel test; modal parameter identification; stabilization diagram；Sutong Bridge; Suramadu Bridge
E-mail: fuyouxu@hotmail.com

重庆市城市生活垃圾的蠕变特性研究

谢　强^{1 2} 张永兴¹　张建华¹
（1.重庆大学，重庆400045；2. Centro de Geotecnia，IST，UTL 1049-001，Portugal）

摘要：首先以分别加载的方式对以重庆市城市生活垃圾典型组分为依据配制的垃圾试样进行不同应力水平的室内压缩蠕变试验，进而根据蠕变元件的基本性质和试验过程中试样反映出的变形特征，利用HK和PTH蠕变模型对生活垃圾的蠕变曲线进行拟合，并总结得出蠕变模型的基本参数。研究表明，HK和PTH模型对试验数据的拟合程度都比较好，此两种模型对于垃圾填埋场的容量计算和沉降规律研究具有一定的参考价值。
关键词：城市生活垃圾；蠕变；压缩试验；分别加载

Investigation on the creep behavior of municipal solid waste in Chongqing

Xie Qiang^{1 2}　Zhang Yongxing¹　Zhang Jianhua¹
(1. Chongqing University , Chongqing 400045，China；
2. Centro de Geotecnia，Instituto Superior Tecnico，Universidade Técnica de Lisboa，
Lisbon 1049-001，Portugal)

Abstract:To study the creep model of the Municipal Solid Waste(MSW)in Chongqing City, samples were confected for creep compressive indoor test. Two types of creep models, named HK Model and PTH Model, were used to fit the test data and obtain the creep curves based on the theory of creep models. The model parameters are presented. The results indicate that the fitting curves of HK Model and PTH Model are both suitable for the simulation of MSW’s deformation, and both models are valuable for calculation of site capacity and landfill settlement.
关键词：Municipal Solid Waste(MSW)；creep；compressive test；staged loading
E-mail: xieqiang2000@hotmail.com

人工水平冻结法施工隧道冻胀与融沉效应模型试验研究

程　桦^{1 2}　姚直书²　张经双²　荣传新²
（1.安徽建筑工业学院，安徽合肥230022；2.安徽理工大学，安徽淮南232001）

摘要：人工冻结工法作为土木工程特殊施工技术，在富含水软弱地层工程施工中有着显著的优点，但是此工法对地下管线、地面建筑物以及对冻结壁稳定性和可靠性的影响不容忽视。本文以广州地铁3号线某隧道水平冻结施工工程为原型，根据相似准则，建立集温度场、湿度场和力学场于一体的大型物理试验模型。通过模拟开挖过程，研究人工水平冻结法施工冻结壁形成规律、冻胀与融沉效应问题。模拟试验数据分析表明，水平冻结法施工可在隧道周围快速形成闭环冻结壁，有效保证一次支护前隧道围岩的稳定性；在施工中宜采用快速冻结或间歇冻结，有效控制积极冻结时间和冻结壁厚度，减少因水分迁移造成的冻胀位移量；浅埋暗挖隧道引起了明显的地表下沉位移；解冻过程中地表融沉位移较大，对环境影响较大。
关键词: 地铁隧道；水平冻结；冻胀；融沉

A model test study on the effect of freeze heaving and thaw subsidence
for tunnel construction with artificial horizontal ground freezing

Cheng Hua^{1 2}　Yao Zhishu²　Zhang Jingshuang²Rong Chuanxin²
（1.Anhui Institute of Architecture and Industry, Heifei 230022,China;
2.Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China）

Abstract: As a special construction technique, artificial freezing has notable advantages. However, its effects on underground pipe lines, surface installations as well as the stability and reliability of freezing wall should not be ignored. The Guangzhou Metro Line 3 construction using ground freezing is studied through a model test. In accordance to similarity criteria, a large-scale physical model is set up, and simulating the construction process, the temperature field, displacement field and force field are measured. The formation of the freezing wall and the freeze heaving and thaw subsidence are studied. The test data indicate that the horizontal freezing can rapidly form the loop around the tunnel wall and effectively maintain the stability of the surrounding ground prior to first support. Quick-freezing or intermittent-freezing during construction can effectively control the freezing time and the freezing wall thickness, reducing freeze heaving caused by water migration. For shallow tunnels, surface subsidence may be significant during thawing and has a greater impact on the environment.
Keywords: subway tunnel; horizontal freezing; frost heave; thawing subsidence
E-mail: hcheng@aust.edu.cn

SBS改性沥青的黏温特性研究

李宁利¹　李铁虎¹　陈华鑫²　张争奇²
（1.西北工业大学，陕西西安710072；2.长安大学，陕西西安710064）

摘要：SBS改性沥青的黏温特性与普通沥青不同。用目前的黏度测试方法测试SBS改性沥青黏度，根据黏温曲线确定的SBS改性沥青混合料的拌和与压实温度过高，过高的拌和与压实温度会引起SBS改性沥青的老化、环境和生产安全问题。从改性沥青的高温流变特性入手，分析改性沥青的黏度试验方法，研究SBS改性沥青的黏度变化规律。由试验结果可知，当温度低于150℃时，黏度对温度的依赖性很大，但是当温度高于150℃时，黏度对温度的依赖性逐渐减小；随着温度的升高，SBS改性沥青的黏度值对剪切速率的依赖性逐渐减弱。因此在测试SBS改性沥青的黏度时，必须在试验温度下规定相应的剪切速率，这对合理确定SBS改性沥青的拌和与压实温度至关重要。
关键词：SBS改性沥青；黏度；流变特性；旋转黏度计

A study on the viscosity and temperature properties of SBS modified asphalts

Li Ningli¹　Li Tiehu^1,2　Chen Huaxin²Zhang Zhengqi²
（1.Northwestern Polytechnical University，Xi’an 710072，China;
2.Chang’an University，Xi’an 710064，China）

Abstract: Experimental investigation is conducted in a wave flume in order to identify the wave-induced response of sandy and silty seabed. Comparing with the theoretical pressure, the test results indicate that measured pressure on the surface of the model seabed is slightly affected by the soil fill. In a silty seabed, the excess pore pressure mounts distinctly due to the progressive wave, whereas there is no such phenomenon in a sandy seabed. The mechanism of pore pressure generation in a silty seabed is discussed using the experimental data. Three types of modes for excess pore pressure generation are developed by signal analysis. An improved method using geotextile is proposed to strengthen the silty seabed. The test results show that the excess pore pressure falls remarkably and that the silty seabed can be prevented from liquefaction by use of geotextile.
Keywords: ocean engineering; pore pressure; liquefaction; model test; wavelet analysis; geotextile
E-mail: lnl808@163.com

PARTNERING模式最佳实践研究——工作流程再设计

陈炳泉¹　马远发²　左剑²
（1.香港理工大学，中国香港；2. 南澳大利亚大学，阿德莱德SA 5001）

摘要：建筑项目一般都比较复杂，还存在许多不可预计的风险。建筑界存在着诸如在工程参与各方之间缺乏协作，相互信任度低以及沟通交流效率低等问题，这些导致了工程参与各方之间的对立关系。作为一个创新性的工程承发包模式，在过去的20年内，Partnering模式越来越多地在建筑项目中得到应用，它更好地达到了项目目标，并很大程度上减少了冲突和纠纷。对香港近期完成的6个主要Partnering项目进行案例分析，总结使用Partnering模式建筑项目的关键成功要素以及实施的主要障碍。对Partnering模式流程进行重新设计，为更好地在建筑项目中实施Partnering模式提供了方便。在本次研究的成果基础上，设计了一个Partnering模式“最佳实践”的框架结构，建议我国建筑界业者在今后的建筑项目中实施Partnering模式时加以应用。
关键词: Partnering模式；流程再造；最佳实践

The best practice of Partnering-redesign of Partnering processes

Albert P C Chan¹　Tony Y F Ma²　Zuo Jian²
（1.The Hong Kong Polytechnic University，Hong Kong，China；
2.The University of South Australia，Adelaide SA 5001，Australia）

Abstract:The construction industry is a competitive business and full of risks. The industry is faced with several major problems, such as lack of co-operation, limited trust and in-effective relationships leading to adversarial relationships among project participants. As an innovative procurement approach, Partnering has been used in many construction projects in past decades to achieve better project outcomes and to reduce construction disputes. Through case studies on six recently completed projects, this paper reported both the critical success factors of Partnering projects and major difficulties in implementing Partnering in construction projects. The Partnering processes were re-engineered to improve the Partnering practice in the future. A‘best-practice’of Partnering framework was developed based on the research findings. It is suggested that practitioners in China can refer to this framework during Partnering practices.
Keywords: project Partnering; process re-engineer; best practicebr
E-mail: bsachan@polyu.edu.hk

基于Choquet模糊积分的工程投标风险评估方法

张朝勇^{1 2}　王卓甫¹　邢会歌¹
（1. 河海大学商学院，江苏南京210098；2. 嘉兴学院建筑工程学院，浙江嘉兴314001）

摘要：在工程项目竞争性投标中，对于承包商来说，投标决策是一个多风险因素综合评价的问题，既要考虑自身实力，业主情况等主观条件，又要考虑项目的复杂性、自然条件等客观条件，同时还要兼顾经济、社会、环境、安全等各种因素。结合我国当前建设市场的现状和国内外相关文献，构建了工程项目投标风险因素评估系统层次结构和指标体系。针对在多因素指标的综合评价问题上，建立相互独立的指标比较困难和人们的主观评价往往存在非线性的特点，在模糊测度的基础上，提出一种基于Choquet模糊积分的新的工程投标多风险因素综合决策算法，详细论述该算法的计算步骤，并通过案例验证该方法的可行性、有效性和实用性。结果表明，该方法可以对多个项目进行投标风险评估排序，并且计算简单，可适用多种综合评价问题。
关键词: 模糊积分；工程项目；投标决策；风险评估

Risk assessment system for bidding of construction projects
based on Choquet fuzzy integral

Zhang Chaoyong^{1 2}　Wang Zhuofu¹　Xing Huige¹
（1. Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; 2. Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China）

Abstract: In the bidding/tender process of construction projects, bidding decision-making for the contractor consists of comprehensive evaluation of many factors, not only subjective factors such as owner and self strength, but also objective ones such as project complexity, natural condition, etc., while striking a balance between economic, social, environmental, security, and other various factors. Combining the present situation of the construction market in China and relevant literature, a hierarchical structure index system is established to assess risk factors for bidding of construction projects. To overcome the difficulty in establishing independent indexes under the multi-factor comprehensive environment, and considering that people’s subjective evaluations often have nonlinear characteristics, a new tender decision algorithm involving more risk factors based on the Choquet fuzzy integral is presented. The algorithm is described in detail, and the feasibility, effectiveness and practicality are verified via test cases. The results show that the algorithm can be used for tender risk assessment and project ranking, simple to use and applicable to various comprehensive evaluations.
Keywords: fuzzy integral; construction project; bidding decision-making; risk assessment
E-mail: aqzzcy110@163.com

中国建筑企业国际化市场营销策略研究

王　瑾　王要武　王浩然
（哈尔滨工业大学，黑龙江哈尔滨150001）

摘要：中国乃至全球的建筑市场的进一步开放，促使我国建筑企业必须融入全球化竞争，积极开拓国际市场，而国际建筑市场复杂多变，如何选择目标市场进而制定行之有效的市场营销策略是企业面临的主要问题。首先，对当前国际建筑市场的竞争特点进行分析，指出工程复杂化和发包多样化成为市场主流，大型承包商的兼并重组进一步加剧了寡头垄断；然后，分析国际市场定位的流程及需要考虑的各种影响因素，影响因素包括各国市场宏观环境、目标建筑市场状况、企业的自身情况、企业对国际市场的选择原则等。在此基础上，提出了我国建筑企业国际市场营销策略，即贸易式、联盟式、投资式，认为联盟式营销策略符合我国建筑企业发展现状，并以某建筑公司国际工程营销为例进行案例分析。
关键词:建筑企业；国际市场；营销策略

A study on the international marketing strategy of
Chinese construction companies

Wang Jin　Wang Yaowu　Wang Haoran
（Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001，China）

Abstract: The further opening of global(including Chinese)construction market makes Chinese construction companies have to enter into the global competition and exploit the international market. The international construction market is complex and uncertain, thus Chinese construction companies must work out target market selection and effective marketing strategy. An analysis of the competition characteristics of international construction market found out that project complexity and contract diversification are the main trendy features of the international market, and the incorporation of big contractors makes the monopoly more serious. The procedure of international market orientation and the influence factors including macro environment of main market, status of target market, SWOT company analysis, selection regulation of international market, etc., are analyzed. Based on the above analyses, international marketing strategy for Chinese construction companies is proposed, namely type of commerce, union and investment, and considering union marketing strategy to be suitable to Chinese construction companies, and a case study of a construction company international marketing is used as an illustration of proposed viewpoint.
Keywords:construction company; international market; marketing strategy
E-mail: wangj@csceclb.net