北京奥林匹克公园会议中心钢管摇摆柱性能化抗火分析与设计

刘玉姝　李国强　蒋首超　楼国彪
（同济大学，上海200092）

摘要：北京奥林匹克公园会议中心为2008年的北京奥运会工程项目之一。北京奥林匹克公园会议中心建筑空间高大、火灾荷载密度较小，其火灾升温远不同于普通小室火灾。为了更好地反映真实火灾对结构的破坏程度，在确定建筑物室内的有关参数以及火荷载的情况下，采用基于场模型的火灾模拟软件FDS（Fire Dynamics Simulator）进行火灾流体动力学分析，并用得到的火灾升温曲线进行北京奥林匹克公园会议中心的钢管摇摆柱的性能化抗火分析与设计。首先确定钢管摇摆柱的抗火性能目标，然后对钢管摇摆柱在可能最不利火灾场景下的力学性能进行分析，最后根据钢管摇摆柱的受火性能是否满足抗火性能目标来评估钢管摇摆柱的抗火安全性及需要采取的防火保护措施。该结果已被业主和消防主管部门采纳，可供类似工程的钢结构抗火设计参考。
关键词：钢管摇摆柱；火灾荷载密度；火灾流体动力学；性能化；抗火性能；火灾场景

Performance-based analysis and design for the fire-resistance of the steel
tube sway columns of the Beijing Olympic Green Convention Center

Liu Yushu　Li Guoqiang　Jiang Shouchao　Lou Guobiao
（Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China）

Abstract: The Beijing Olympic Green Convention Center is one of the major projects for the Beijing Olympics in 2008. Since the Beijing Olympic Green Convention Center is spacious with small fire load density, the temperature rising in the building caused by fire is far different from that of the normal small compartments. To reflect the extent of the failure of the structure caused by real fire, on the condition that some relative parameters and fire load about the building are determined, the temperature-time curve acquired by fire fluid dynamic analysis using the fire simulation program FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)based on field model is utilized in the performance-based fire-resistance analysis and design of the steel tube sway columns of the Beijing Olympic Green Convention Center. The target fire-resistance performance of steel tube sway column is first determined. Then the mechanical properties of the steel tube sway columns are analyzed in the most severe fire scenario. Finally an evaluation on the steel tube sway column fire-resistance safety and fire protection are made, according to whether the steel tube sway columns can meet the targeted fire resistance performance. The conclusions of this study are adopted by the building owner and the fire bureau, and can be referenced by other similar designs for fire resistance.
Keywords: steel tube sway column; fire load density; fire fluid dynamics; performance-based; fire-resistance performance；fire scenario
E-mail: ysliu@mail.tongji.edu.cn

超高层主楼与裙房黏滞阻尼器连接减振分析研究

龚治国¹　吕西林²　翁大根²
（1.上海市建筑科学研究院（集团）有限公司，上海200032；2.同济大学，上海200092）

摘要：针对上海世茂国际广场裙房（广场）部分由于刚度与质量分布之间的偏心导致扭转变形突出这一问题，采用CANNY程序对主楼和裙房之间黏滞阻尼器连接减振方法开展一系列非线性时程分析，从裙房变形减振效果、主楼变形影响、阻尼器耗能性能等几个方面综合评定该减振方法的有效性。结果表明，在主楼和裙房（广场）之间采用黏滞阻尼器连接这一方法，不仅能有效地控制因扭转效应过大产生的变形，而且对主楼不会产生不利影响，各阻尼器能在设定的范围正常工作。目前这一减振措施已于2005年成功应用到实际工程中。
关键词：减振；黏滞阻尼器；主楼；裙房；扭转效应

Analysis of vibration reduction of fluid linking dampers connecting
main building with podium

Gong Zhiguo¹　Lü Xilin²　Weng Dagen²
（1.Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences（Group）Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200032, China;
2.Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China）

Abstract: The seismic torsional response of the podium structure of the Shanghai Shimao International Plaza is excessively large due to its eccentricity in stiffness and mass distributions. A series of nonlinear time-history analysis are carried out by using the CANNY program to evaluate the reduction method of adopting dampers connecting the podium with the main building. The reduction effect of the podium, the influence on the main building and the dissipative performance of the dampers under different earthquake intensities are analyzed respectively. The results show that using the linking dampers can not only effectively reduce the torsional seismic response of the podium structure, but also have little influence on the seismic performance of main building, and all dampers can function well within the desired scope. The reduction method was already put into use in the year of 2005.
Keywords: vibration reduction; fluid linking damper; main building; podium; torsional response
E-mail: gone77@126.com

配筋砌块砌体剪力墙1/4比例模型房屋抗震性能试验研究

蔡　勇¹　施楚贤²　余志武¹　黄　靓²
（1.中南大学，湖南长沙410075；2.湖南大学，湖南长沙410082）

摘要：为了研究配筋砌块砌体剪力墙房屋的整体抗震性能，运用试验模型简单相似性原理，建造一幢1/4比例3层配筋砌块砌体剪力墙模型房屋，对其进行低周水平反复加载拟静力试验。研究模型房屋中墙体的破坏形态、钢筋应变及墙体的变形能力，获得模型房屋在水平荷载作用下整体受力的抗力特性和破坏形态。通过简单相似性原理的换算，确定原形房屋的水平承载力。研究结果表明：采用模型简单相似性原理，对配筋砌块砌体剪力墙进行模型试验能够满足破坏机理相似及受荷工作应力水平相似。配筋砌块砌体剪力墙房屋具有较高的承载能力和整体工作性能，竖向压应力对墙体的承载力和变形能力有重要影响。剪力墙边缘构件能有效的防止墙体局部破坏。配筋砌块砌体连梁是这种结构体系重要的耗能构件。
关键词：配筋砌块砌体；剪力墙；简单相似性原理；1/4比例模型房屋；抗震性能

An experimental study on the seismic behavior of a 1/4 scale reinforced
block masonry shearwall building model

Cai Yong¹　Shi Chuxian²　Yu Zhiwu¹　Huang Liang²
（1.Central South University, Changsha 410075, China；
2.Hunan University,Changsha 410082, China）

Abstract: In order to study on the seismic behavior of reinforced block masonry shearwall buildings, a simple similarity principle of model test is adopted to construct a 1/4 scale three-story reinforced block masonry shearwall building, and test is carried out under low cyclic lateral loading. The capacity and failure mode of the model under horizontal loading is obtained, and the strains of steel bars are recorded and analyzed. By using the simple similarity principle, the horizontal capacity of the prototype building is evaluated. The test indicates that the reinforced block masonry shearwall building has high capacity and works as a whole. Vertical stress has significant effect on the wall capacity and the deformation capability. Local failure can effectively be prevented by the shearwall fringe members. The reinforced block masonry coupling wall-beams may significantly dissipate energy.
Keywords: reinforced block masonry; shearwall; simple similarity principle; 1/4 scale testing model building; seismic behavior
E-mail: caiyong_ht@yahoo.com.cn

平端板连接半刚性梁柱组合节点的抗弯承载力Ⅰ：负弯矩作用

李国强¹　石文龙²
（1.同济大学，上海200092；2.上海大学，上海200444）

摘要：基于现有试验数据以及组合节点抗弯承载力的研究成果，利用塑性分析方法和组件法，提出一种平端板连接组合节点承受负弯矩作用时，其塑性抗弯承载力的计算方法。探讨组合节点的实效模式，给出其各组件承载力的计算方法，组件包括钢筋、螺栓、柱腹板、梁翼缘、混凝土楼板等。考虑中和轴出现的6种位置：混凝土楼板内；钢梁上翼缘内；钢梁腹板内，所有螺栓受压；前m-1排螺栓受拉，第m排部分受拉，其余受压；1～m排完全受拉；只有钢梁下翼缘受压。该方法可以考虑节点承受非对称荷载作用的情况以及作用在连接上的剪力、高强度螺栓撬力等因素的影响。如果将组合连接的配筋率取为零，不考虑组合楼板的影响，使用该方法同样可以计算平端板连接梁柱纯钢节点在承受负弯矩作用时的抗弯承载力。
关键词：平端板连接；组合节点；组件法；抗弯承载力；负弯矩

Moment capacity of semi-rigid composite beam-column joints with
flush end plate connections：I． under negative moment

Li Guoqiang¹　Shi Wenlong²
（1.Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 2.Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China）

Abstract: Based on the experimental results, a method has been developed for predicting the moment capacities of flush end-plate composite connections under negative moment, by using plastic analysis method and component method. Possible failure of the composite connections and resistance of the components are provided. Six locations of plastic natural axis are considered when determining the connection moment capacity, including: plastic natural axis in the slab, in the upper flange of the steel beam, in the beam web and all the bolt rows are in the compression zone, bolt rows up to（m-1）are fully in tension and bolt row m is partially in tension with other bolt rows being in compression, bolt rows 1 to m are fully in tension, and only the bottom flange of the steel beam is in compression. The effects of non-symmetrical moments, shears on the connections and prying forces of high-strength bolts are taken into account. If the reinforcement ratio is set as zero without considering the effect of the composite slab, then the moment capacity of bare steel connections can also be predicted by using the developed method.
Keywords: flush endplate connection; composite joint; component method; moment capacity; negative moment
E-mail: gqli@mail.tongji.edu.cn; swlsxf@163.com

平端板连接半刚性梁柱组合节点的抗弯承载力Ⅱ：正弯矩作用

石文龙¹　李国强²
（1.上海大学，上海200444；2.同济大学，上海200092）

摘要：基于现有试验数据以及组合节点抗弯承载力的研究成果，利用塑性分析方法和组件法，提出一种平端板连接组合节点承受正弯矩作用时，其塑性抗弯承载力的计算方法。探讨组合节点的实效模式，给出其各组件承载力的计算方法，组件包括螺栓、柱腹板、梁翼缘、混凝土楼板等。考虑中和轴出现的5种位置：混凝土楼板内；钢梁上翼缘内；钢梁腹板内，所有螺栓受拉；前m-1排螺栓受拉，第m排部分受拉，其余受压；1～m排完全受拉。该方法可以考虑节点承受非对称荷载作用的情况以及作用在连接上的剪力、高强度螺栓撬力等因素的影响。如果不考虑组合楼板的影响，使用该方法同样可以计算平端板连接梁柱纯钢节点在承受正弯矩作用时的抗弯承载力。
关键词：平端板连接；组合节点；组件法；抗弯承载力；正弯矩

Moment capacity of semi-rigid composite beam-column joints with
flush end plate connections:Ⅱ． under positive moment

Shi Wenlong¹　Li Guoqiang²
（1.Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; 2.Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China）

Abstract: Based on the experimental results, a method has been developed for predicting the moment capacities of flush end-plate composite connections under negative moment, by using plastic analysis method and component method. Possible failure of the composite connections and resistance of the components are provided. Five locations of plastic natural axis are considered when determining the connection moment capacity, including: plastic natural axis in slab, in the upper flange of the steel beam, in the beam web and all the bolt rows are in the tension zone, bolt rows up to（m-1）are fully in tension and bolt row m is partially in tension with other bolt rows being in compression, and bolt rows 1 to m are fully in tension. The effects of non-symmetrical moments, shears on the connections and prying forces of high-strength bolts are taken into account. If the effect of the composite slab is not considered, then the moment capacity of bare steel connections can also be predicted by using this method.
Keywords: flush endplate; composite joint; component method; moment capacity; positive moment
E-mail: swlsxf@163.com; gqli@mail.tongji.edu.cn

钢梁柱半刚性节点顶底角钢弱轴连接的有限元分析

郝际平¹　李文岭^1，2
（1.西安建筑科技大学，陕西西安710055；2.山东建筑大学，山东济南250101）

摘要：空间钢框架结构的高等分析必须考虑梁柱弱轴连接的抗弯特性。为研究钢梁柱节点弱轴连接的弯矩-转角性能，进行3个顶底角钢弱轴连接大尺寸试件的单调加载试验，并建立有限元分析模型，有限元分析考虑几何大变形、材料非线性和接触非线性。为与试验结果对比，有限元分析采用的构件几何尺寸、材料特性、摩擦系数等参数和加载过程均与试验相同，对比显示有限元分析结果和试验结果吻合较好。这进一步明确了顶底角钢弱轴连接的应力分布、塑性发展、变形特点、接触摩擦状态和破坏模式。研究表明：顶底角钢弱轴连接具备一定的弯矩承载能力和良好的转动变形能力，顶角钢可以形成3个塑性铰机构；角钢弱轴连接与角钢强轴连接不同的是，柱腹板过于薄弱可以改变弱轴连接的变形模式；顶底角钢弱轴连接在使用荷载作用下接触状态稳定。
关键词：角钢弱轴连接；弯矩-转角性能；有限元分析；试验研究

Finite element analysis for the top-and-seat angle minor axis connection of
semi-rigid steel beam-column joints

Hao Jiping¹　Li Wenling^1,2
（1.Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an 710055, China；
2.Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China）

Abstract: The moment behavior of beam-column minor axis connections should be incorporated in advanced space frame analysis. Three large scale specimens with top-and-seat angle minor axis connections were tested under monotonic loading, and three-dimensional nonlinear FEM analysis was performed with consideration of geometric large deformation, contact-friction behavior and material nonlinearity. The results of finite element analysis were verified with experimental results. The study indicates that top-and-seat angle minor axis connections possess certain moment capacity and good rotation capacity. Three-plastic-hinge mechanism can be formed in top angle under monotonic loading. Deformation mode may change for minor axis connections with thin column web, which is significantly different from strong axis connections.
Keywords: beam-column minor axis connection; top-and-seat angle connection; moment-rotation behavior; finite element analysis; experimental study
E-mail: haojiping@xauat.edu.cn

带永久锚具的预应力芳纶纤维布加固技术研究

杜修力¹　张建伟¹　邓宗才¹　何唯平²
（1.北京工业大学，北京100022；2.海川实业股份有限公司，广东深圳518040）

摘要：开发带永久锚具的预应力芳纶纤维布加固技术，给出带永久锚具的预应力芳纶纤维布加固混凝土受弯构件的施工工艺，进行预应力芳纶纤维布的应力松弛损失试验研究，进行预应力芳纶纤维布加固混凝土梁的受弯、受剪及疲劳性能试验研究，进行温度对芳纶纤维布配套黏结材料的力学性能影响试验研究。试验结果表明，带永久锚具的预应力芳纶纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁与未加固的基准梁相比，开裂荷载显著提高，屈服荷载、极限荷载、疲劳寿命及开裂后的抗弯刚度明显提高；使用环境温度在60 ℃以下时，芳纶纤维布的配套树脂胶与底胶的黏结强度不会发生软化现象。试验研究及分析表明，带永久锚具的预应力芳纶纤维布加固技术可显著改善混凝土受弯构件使用阶段的力学性能。
关键词：预应力；芳纶纤维布；加固；混凝土结构

Study on the technology of strengthening RC structures using
prestressed AFRP sheets with permanent anchors

Du Xiuli¹　Zhang Jianwei¹　Deng Zongcai¹　He Weiping²
（1.Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China;

Abstract: The technology of strengthening RC structures using prestressed aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) sheets with permanent anchors was studied. A construction method was provided for strengthening RC flexural members by using prestressed AFRP sheets with permanent anchors. The experiments were carried out to study the stress relaxation of the prestressed AFRP sheets, the flexural and shear as well as fatigue behavior of RC beams strengthened with prestressed AFRP sheets, and the effect of temperatures on the mechanical properties of the adhesives of AFRP sheets. The experimental results indicate that, comparing with the non-strengthened control beam, the most increase was in the initial cracking load of the beam strengthened with prestressed AFRP sheets, and the yield load, the ultimate load as well as the fatigue life were also significantly increased. After concrete cracking, the flexural stiffness of the prestressed strengthened beam was higher than that of the non-strengthened control beam. When the temperature was lower than 60 ℃, the adhesive strength between adhesives for AFRP sheets and concrete exhibited no softening.
Keywords: prestress; AFRP sheet; strengthening; concrete structure
E-mail: duxiuli@bjut.edu.cn

风-汽车-桥梁系统空间耦合振动研究

韩万水¹　陈艾荣²
（1.长安大学，陕西西安710064；2.同济大学，上海200092）

摘要：为了考虑侧风引起的车轮相对于桥面的侧向相对滑动，在车轮与桥面之间引入了一个特殊阻尼器，这个阻尼器的阻尼系数依赖于车辆与桥梁的竖向耦合运动。在综合考虑路面粗糙度、车辆悬挂系统以及车轮相对于桥面侧向相对滑动的基础上，提出能够考虑桥梁的静风响应、抖振响应、汽车-桥梁耦合振动、系统的时变特性以及结构几何非线性和气动荷载非线性影响的风-汽车-桥梁系统空间耦合振动分析模型，编制了相应的分析程序。该程序既可以预测不同路面粗糙度，车速以及干、湿、雪、冰路面状况下行驶于桥梁上车辆的行车安全性，也可以评价低风速下车辆驾驶舒适度以及侧风和车辆移动荷载对桥梁振动的影响。
关键词：风-汽车-桥梁系统；空间耦合振动；行车安全性；驾驶舒适度

Three-dimensional coupling vibration of wind-vehicle-bridge systems

Han Wanshui¹　Chen Airong²
（1.Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China; 2.Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China）

Abstract: A special damper, with the damping coefficient being dependent on the vertical coupling vibration of the vehicle-bridge, is introduced to consider the lateral coupling of the vehicle tire relative to the bridge deck caused by crosswind. Considering road surface roughness, vehicle suspension, and the sideslip of the vehicle tire relative to the bridge deck, a state of the art three-dimensional dynamic model of the wind-vehicle-bridge coupling vibration is presented, which incorporates the effect of bridge deformation due to static wind loads, buffeting-induced bridge response, vehicle-bridge coupling vibration, wind load on vehicle, time-variation property of system, structural geometrical nonlinearity and aerodynamic nonlinearity. The dynamic analysis model is coded to the self-developed program, which can predict not only the travel safety of different road surface roughnesses, vehicle velocities and road surface conditions（dry, wet, snowy and icy）, but also the ride comfort of vehicles running on long-span bridge and the influences of crosswind and moving vehicles loads on the vibration of the bridge.
Keywords: wind-vehicle-bridge system; three-dimensional coupling vibration; travel safety; ride comfort
E-mail: hws_freedom@163.com

磁流变阻尼器对支座简谐运动下拉索参数振动的智能控制

周　强　郭少进　瞿伟廉
（武汉理工大学，湖北武汉430070）

摘要：以斜拉索为研究对象，忽略索桥之间的耦合作用，研究支座简谐运动下，磁流变阻尼器对拉索参数振动的智能半主动控制。首先建立斜拉索-阻尼器系统的三维运动方程，并采用有限差分法进行离散化。针对磁流变阻尼器的力学特点，提出简单适用的基于平衡逻辑算法的半主动控制策略，该控制策略的实现仅需测量阻尼器的位移和速度反应。重点考察支座简谐运动频率与拉索面内基本频率之比为2，1，2/3和1/2这4种工况。仿真分析表明，采用半主动控制策略，大多数情况下磁流变阻尼器能显著地降低拉索的面外位移，可以认为磁流变阻尼器能有效避免拉索平面外参数振动的发生；另一方面，仅在少数情况下磁流变阻尼器才对拉索的面内振动产生明显的减振效果。此外，提出的控制算法会导致拉索振动的混沌性。
关键词：斜拉索；磁流变阻尼器；参数振动；半主动控制

Intelligent control of parametric vibration of stayed cables with MR
dampers induced by simple harmonic support motions

Zhou Qiang　Guo Shaojin　Qu Weilian
（Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China）

Abstract: Intelligent control of stayed cables with MR dampers under simple harmonic support motions is studied, without considering cable-bridge interaction. The three-dimensional motion equation of the cable-damper system is established and then discretized by using the finite difference method. According to the dynamic characteristics of the MR dampers, a semi-active control strategy based on the balance logical algorithm is proposed, the implementation of which requires the measured displacement and velocity response of the dampers. Four cases are analyzed when the ratios of the frequency of the support motion to the first in-plane frequency of the cable are 2, 1, 2/3 and 1/2, respectively. Numerical analysis indicates that in most cases the MR dampers can effectively mitigate the out-of-plane parametric vibration of the cable, while only in special cases can the in-plane vibration of the cable be suppressed. In addition, chaotic behaviour of the cable vibration may be introduced due to the proposed nonlinear control rule.
Keywords: stayed cable; MR damper; parametric vibration; semi-active control
E-mail: drzhouqiang@hotmail.com

大跨径桥梁钢桥面铺装设计

黄　卫
（东南大学教育部智能运输系统工程研究中心，江苏南京210096）

摘要：由于大跨径钢箱梁桥面铺装的使用条件、施工工艺、质量控制与要求的特殊性，因此对于特定的桥梁的桥面铺装均需作针对性的专题研究，以保证铺装设计和施工成功。总结了作者近10年对大跨径钢桥面铺装设计理论与方法设计的研究成果，包括铺装材料与结构、钢桥面铺装体系受力特性、疲劳特性、设计指标、轴载换算原则与方法、铺装体系整体优化设计方法、工程实施等技术，研究成果已在南京长江第二大桥、南京长江第三大桥、润扬长江公路大桥、苏通长江大桥和杭州湾大桥等10多座大型钢箱梁桥桥面铺装设计和铺装工程中应用。
关键词：大跨径桥梁；桥面铺装；疲劳；轴载换算；优化设计

Design of deck pavement for long-span steel bridges

Huang Wei
（Ministry of Education ITS Engineering Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China）

Abstract: For long-span steel bridge deck pavement, due to the peculiarities of service condition, construction technique, quality control and requirement, special research on the deck pavement should be carried out for each different steel bridge so as to ensure successful pavement design and construction. The research results in the last decade are summarized, including pavement materials and structure, mechanical characteristics of steel deck pavement, fatigue characteristics, design indexes, axle-load equivalent method, optimization design method, and construction technique. The research findings have been successfully applied to the design and construction of steel bridge deck pavement for more than ten long-span steel bridges, such as the Nanjing Second Yangtze River Bridge, the Nanjing Third Yangtze River Bridge, the Zhoushan Taoyaomen Bridge, the Runyang Yangtze River Highway Bridge, the Sutong Yangtze River Bridge and the Hangzhou Bay Bridge.
Keywords: long-span bridge; deck pavement; fatigue; axle-load equivalent; optimization design
E-mail: hhhwei2005@126.com

岩土材料破损特性的颗粒流研究

李　凡^1，2
（1.河海大学，江苏南京210098；2.合肥工业大学，安徽合肥230009）

摘要：基于颗粒流理论，利用颗粒接触胶结本构模型，建立结构性岩土材料的颗粒流模型。通过颗粒流数值模拟试验，对结构性岩土材料破损的细观机理作了初步的研究。试验中采用胶结在一起的小圆盘去代替一个可破碎颗粒，再在可破碎颗粒之间施加适当的胶结，形成结构性岩土材料试样。在试验过程中通过记录胶结破损的数目和空间位置，就可以直观反映结构性岩土材料破损特性。试验表明试样在低围压下压缩试验中应力应变曲线表现为软化型，伴随剪切带的形成，有必要区分体积破损率和面积破损率。试样在高围压下压缩试验应力应变曲线表现为硬化型，没有明显的剪切带形成，表现为体积破损。分析表明颗粒流方法是研究岩土材料破损特性的一个有力工具。
关键词：岩土材料；破损力学；颗粒流；细观力学

A study on the breakage properties of geological materials using particle flow simulation

Li Fan^1,2
（1.Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;
2.Hefei University of technology, Hefei 230009, China）

Abstract: Computer simulations of crushable geological materials were performed by using the Particle Flow Code （PFC）, in which the distinct element method（DEM）is employed. PFC model of crushable geological materials was constructed by adopting the contact-bond model. Preliminary study on the breakage mechanical properties of geological materials was conducted by PFC numerical simulation. The crushable agglomerates were simulated as bonding elementary discs. Breakage and its evolution are represented explicitly as broken bonds. It was shown by numerical plane strain test that the stress-strain responses and breakage patterns were different for different confinements. Strain softening occurs when the lateral stress is low, and strain hardening occurs when lateral stress is sufficiently high. The evolutions of breakage percentage and breakage parameter were analyzed.
Keywords: geological material；breakage mechanics; particle flow; meso-mechanics
E-mail: lfhfgd@163.com

软土地区单层工业厂房柱基相对沉降的统计预测及分级控制标准

姚继涛¹　刘　海¹　张永利¹　王　飞²
（1.西安建筑科技大学，陕西西安710055；2.宝山钢铁股份有限公司，上海200016）

摘要：以宝山钢铁股份有限公司的12个典型单层钢结构工业厂房为代表，调查软土地区厂房柱基沉降的观测资料，共计3万多个数据。总结出柱基相对沉降的统计规律，包括均值、方差随时间变化的曲线及任意时刻点的概率分布。研究表明，在50年的设计基准期内，柱基横向与纵向相对沉降在任意时刻点服从正态分布，柱基相对沉降的均值随时间按线性增大，方差则按二次幂函数增大。由此建立柱基相对沉降的概率预测方法，并针对不同的情况制定分级控制的标准。在整个设计使用寿命期内，将厂房柱基横向与纵向相对沉降划分为３个级别，以达到分级控制的目的。研究成果为我国软土地区厂房柱基相对沉降的统计预测和控制提供了一定的基础，并可为其他地区柱基相对沉降的统计预测与控制提供参考。
关键词：柱基相对沉降；统计；预测；分级控制；工业厂房

Statistical forecast and classification control standards for relative settlement
of the column foundation of monolayer industrial buildings in soft soil area

Yao Jitao¹　Liu Hai¹　Zhang Yongli¹　Wang Fei²
（1.Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China;
2.Baoshan Iron & Steel Ltd., Shanghai 200016, China）

Abstract: Based on 12 monolayer steel mill buildings of the Baoshan Iron & Steel Ltd., the statistics of relative settlement of column foundation, including mean and variance time-dependent curves and their probability distributions, is studied with 30,000 settlement observation data in soft soil area. The study reveals that the relative settlement of column foundation obeys the normal distribution at any time within a design reference period of 50 years. The mean relative settlement of column foundation increases approximately linearly with time, and the variance increases as a power function of the 2nd order. Probabilistic forecasting methods and classification control standards for the relative settlement of column foundations under different conditions are established. During the design service life of industrial workshops, the relative settlement of column foundation is divided into 3 grades for the purpose of classification control. The results provide a basis for forecasting and controlling the column-foundation relative settlement of industrial workshops in soft soil areas in China, and also serve as necessary references for buildings in other areas.
Keywords: column foundation relative settlement; statistics; forecast; classification control; industrial building
E-mail: yaojitao@163.com

软土地层土压平衡盾构施工参数的模型试验研究

朱合华¹　徐前卫^{2， 3}　郑七振³　廖少明¹
（1. 同济大学，上海200092；2.上海交通大学，上海200030；3. 上海理工大学，上海200093）

摘要：我国沿海经济发达城市及一些内陆中心城市正在兴建或筹建地铁，这些地区的地下广泛分布着较厚的软黏土沉积层。为研究土压平衡盾构在这种软土地层中施工的适应性，以上海地铁M8线某区间隧道工程为研究背景，采用室内模型试验的方法，开展在不同埋深、不同刀盘开口率、不同推进速度以及不同螺旋机转速等情况下的盾构掘削模型试验。通过对试验结果的整理与分析，得出土仓压力与排土效率、单位时间排土量与推进速度、推力和扭矩之间的内在联系，以及隧道埋深、刀盘开口率、推进速度对推力和扭矩的影响。这些结论的取得为盾构施工参数之间及其与地层特性之间的适应性理论提供了有益的帮助，并为更好地指导软土地层盾构隧道的设计与施工服务。
关键词：软土地层；模型试验；土压平衡盾构机；土体-盾构系统；地层适应性

Experimental study on the working parameters of EPB shield
tunneling in soft ground

Zhu Hehua¹　Xu Qianwei^2，3　Zheng Qizhen³　Liao Shaoming¹
（1.Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 2.Shanghai Jaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China;3.University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China）

Abstract: Deep sedimentary deposits of soft clays are widely distributed in coastal areas as well as in many interior cities in China. In order to study the stratum adaptability of EPB shield t in such types of soft ground, model tests of tunneling excavation, using the running tunnel of the Shanghai Metro Line M8 as a background, are carried out with different tunnel depths, opening rates of cutter head, driving speeds and rotation speeds of screw conveyor. Based on the test results, the interrelationships between chamber pressure and mucking efficiency, mucking rate and driving speed, thrust force and torque are obtained. The influences of tunnel depth, opening rate of cutter head and driving speed on thrust force and torque are revealed. Such findings not only facilitate for establishing relationships between shield working parameters and soil properties, but also serve as a guide to the design and construction of shield tunnel in soft ground.
Keywords: soft ground; model test; EPB shield machine; soil body-shield machine system; adaptability to stratum property
E-mail: xuqwtju@126.com

混合交通流条件下基于路内停车设置的路段车速阻滞模型

陈　峻¹　梅振宇²　王　炜¹
（1.东南大学，江苏南京210096；2.浙江大学，浙江杭州310027）

摘要：提出机非混合交通流条件下路内停车带设置后的机动车速阻滞模型。以一幅道路断面形式为前提，将混合交通和车辆停放的驶入、驶出对路段车流运行状态的影响表述为摩擦和阻滞效应，引入时间障碍率和空间障碍率参数加以量化分析，选择6条典型路段进行数据调查，在验证基本路阻函数可行性的基础上，分别建立路内停车摩擦效应和阻滞效应影响下的机动车速度-交通流模型。针对模型参数的复杂性特点，设计参数指标聚类和分阶段标定方法，并对一幅道路单向通行和双向通行的相关模型进行具体参数的计算。将实测数据和模型计算结果进行对比可以发现，整体拟合效果良好，能够反映混合交通流条件下路内停车设置对机动车交通运行的实际状态。
关键词：路内停车；混合交通；摩擦；阻滞；路阻函数

Road resistance model under mixed traffic flow conditions with curb parking

Chen Jun¹　Mei Zhenyu²　Wang Wei¹
（1.Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
2.Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China）

Abstract: This paper presents a set of road resistance functions for mixed traffic flow by considering the impact of curb parking. The composition of mixed traffic flow and arrival-leaving of the parking vehicles are analyzed to express the jam effects, and the influences of road width and parking mode are analyzed to express the friction effects. Such factors are quantitatively analyzed by using the time interruption rate and the space interruption rate. After selecting six typical roads for the observation data, the basis velocity-flow model is validated and the frictional-impacted model and the obstruction-impacted model are formulated. Considering the complexity of the model parameters, methods are provided on how to cluster and calculate the model parameters. Comparison with the real data indicates that the revised model can reflect the status of road traffic flow with effective curb parking.
Keywords: curb parking; mixed traffic flow; frictional impact; obstruction impact; link-performance functions
E-mail: chenjun@seu.edu.cn

波浪对海床作用的试验研究

王立忠¹　潘冬子^1，2　潘存鸿²　胡金春²
（1.浙江大学，浙江杭州310027；2.浙江省水利河口研究院，浙江杭州310020）

摘要：采用波浪水槽模型试验的方法，研究波浪荷载作用下砂质和粉质海床的孔压响应问题。研究发现：与波浪理论的计算值相比，模型海床表面的动水压力测试值受填充样的影响；波浪荷载作用下，对于砂质海床，其内部超静孔压不会出现累积，而粉质海床孔压累积现象非常明显。结合试验数据，利用信号分析的方法，将不同的超静孔隙水压力增长模式分为3种，探讨波浪荷载作用下粉质海床的孔压发展机理。对土工布加固粉质海床进行模拟试验，结果表明：土工布可以显著地降低波浪荷载引起的粉质海床的超静孔隙水压力累积，起到防止海床液化的作用。
关键词：海洋工程；孔压；液化；模型试验；小波分析；土工布

Experimental investigation on wave-induced response of seabed

Wang Lizhong¹　Pan Dongzi^1,2　Pan Cunhong²　Hu Jinchun²
（1.Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
2.Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary, Hangzhou 310020, China）

Abstract: Experimental investigation is conducted in a wave flume in order to identify the wave-induced response of sandy and silty seabed. Comparing with the theoretical pressure, the test results indicate that measured pressure on the surface of the model seabed is slightly affected by the soil fill. In a silty seabed, the excess pore pressure mounts distinctly due to the progressive wave, whereas there is no such phenomenon in a sandy seabed. The mechanism of pore pressure generation in a silty seabed is discussed using the experimental data. Three types of modes for excess pore pressure generation are developed by signal analysis. An improved method using geotextile is proposed to strengthen the silty seabed. The test results show that the excess pore pressure falls remarkably and that the silty seabed can be prevented from liquefaction by use of geotextile.
Keywords: ocean engineering; pore pressure; liquefaction; model test; wavelet analysis; geotextile
E-mail: wlzzju@163.com