钢骨混凝土T形截面短柱力学性能的试验研究

李 哲¹ 张小锋² 郭增玉¹ 徐 凯³
（1．西安理工大学，陕西西安　710048；2．张家港市建筑设计研究院有限公司，江苏张家港　215600；3．天津市园林规划设计院，天津300042）

摘要：通过试验研究钢骨混凝土T形截面短柱的抗剪性能和抗震性能。制作14根钢骨混凝土T形截面短柱和2根钢筋混凝土T形截面短柱，主要考虑剪跨比、轴压力系数、体积配箍率及配骨率等参数对T形短柱抗剪承载力和位移延性的影响，提出钢骨混凝土T形截面短柱抗剪承载力计算公式，计算值与试验结果吻合较好。试验结果表明，钢筋混凝土T形截面短柱经加入钢骨抗剪承载力和位移延性均有较大程度的提高，且随配骨率、体积配箍率的增大而增大；另外，钢骨混凝土T形截面短柱的位移延性随轴压力系数的增大而降低，随剪跨比的增大而提高。研究成果为钢骨T形短柱应用于抗震烈度较高地区有一定的参考价值。
关键词：钢骨混凝土；T形截面短柱；位移延性；抗剪承载力

Experimental study on the mechanical property of steel reinforced
concrete short columns of t-shaped cross-section

Li Zhe¹　 Zhang Xiaofeng²　 Guo Zengyu¹　 Xu Kai³
(1．Xi’an University of Technology，Xi’an　710048，China; 2．Zhangjiagang Architectural Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang　215600, China; 3．Tianjin Institute of Landscape Pianning ＆ Design, Tianjin 300042, China)

Abstract: This study on the mechanical performance of Steel Reinforced Concrete Short Columns of T-Shaped Cross-section has been carried out through fourteen tests. The focus is the effects of axial pressure ratio(nt), stirrup ratio(ρv), shear span ratio(λ) and steel ratio(ρss) on the shear strength and the anti-seismic performance of SRCTSSC. It can be concluded that the shear strength of SRCTSSC increases with the increases of nt and ρss , and that the shear strength of SRCTSSC decreases with increase of λ. The shear resistance formula for T-shaped columns is derived, and the calculated results are consistent with those of the tests. The hysteretic loops of the SRCTSSC are full, the hysteretic behavior is improved, and the displacement ductility increases with increases of ρv and ρss, decreases with the increase of nt, with the degree of variation in high axial pressure ratio being larger than in low axial pressure ratio. If steel bars are added, the shear strength and displacement ductility of SRCTSSC increases significantly, and the capacity of energy dissipation is also enhanced.
Keywords: steel reinforced concrete; T-shaped short column; displacement ductility; shear bearing capacity

E-mail: lizhe009@163.com

柱端弯矩增大系数取值对RC框架结构抗震性能影响的评估

蔡 健 周 靖 方小丹
（华南理工大学, 广东广州 510640）

摘要: 增大柱端抗弯承载力是抗震“能力设计”的关键措施之一，它可以导致钢筋混凝土框架结构形成梁铰型有利的耗能机构。评估不同柱端弯矩增大系数(0.8~2.4)下钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能。首先采用可靠度理论分析框架结构单节点“强柱弱梁”设计的失效概率；然后，考虑主要影响梁柱强弱的设计参数和地震加速度峰值的随机性, 以3层和6层框架结构为分析对象，采用蒙特卡罗模拟分析结构楼层和整体形成“柱铰机构”的抗震位移需求超越位移能力的概率，分析结果表明柱端弯矩增大系数大于2.0, 框架结构才能达到可以接受的形成“柱铰机构”概率；最后，以6层确定性框架结构为例, 通过增量动力分析建立能有效评估柱端弯矩增大系数的易损性曲线。
关键词：柱端弯矩增大系数; 可靠性; 强柱弱梁; 柱铰机构; 易损性曲线

Evaluation of influences of various moment magnifying coefficients at
column ends of RC frames on seismic performance

Cai Jian　 Zhou Jing　 Fang Xiaodan
(South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China)

Abstract: Enlarging the flexural strength at columns ends is one of the key measures in the seismic perfomence-based design, which could induce the“column hinge mechanism”in the RC frames to dissipate energy during earthquake. The present study is to evaluate the seismic performance of RC frames with various moment magnifying factors of columns (from 0.8 to 2.4). At first, the failure probability of“strong column-weak beam”design for a RC frame with single beam-column joint is analyzed. And then the randomnesses of peak ground accelerations and major design parameters influencing flexural strength ratios between columns and beams are considered in 3- and 6-storey RC frames. The Monte Carlo simulation is performed to evaluate the probabilities of aseismic demands exceeding the column side-sway capacity for both storeies and buildings during forming“column hinge mechanism”. The results indicate that the　 acceptable probability of forming“column hinge mechanism”can be achieved if the moment magnifying factors of columns are no less than 2.0. An incremental dynamic analysis is conducted for a 6-storey frame, and seismic fragility curves for evaluating the moment magnifying factors of columns are produced.
Keywords: moment augment factor of column; reliability; strong column weak beam; column side-sway mechanism; fragility curve

E-mail: cvjcai@scut.edu.cn

一种锚固FRP片材的体外预应力新方法

卓 静^1,2 李唐宁¹ 邢世建¹ 周 密¹
（1.重庆大学，重庆 400045；2.重庆交通科研设计院，重庆400067）

摘要：设计构思一种全新的体外锚固FRP片材预应力加固方法，充分利用波形齿夹具锚的特点，采用两端先固定，再中间紧固，强迫FRP片材几何伸长产生预拉力。利用从成渝高速公路上拆除的桥梁旧构件，进行体外锚固碳纤维布预应力加固试验，试验结果证明，该方法施加预应力十分简单方便、工艺切实可行，无须专门的张拉设备，并且显著地提高了加固效果，具有十分广阔的推广应用前景。
关键词：预应力；碳纤维布；加固；波形齿夹具锚

An innovative external prestressing method
with carbon fiber sheet anchored to structures

Zhuo Jing^1,2　Li Tangning¹　Xing Shijian¹　Zhou Mi¹
（1.ChongQing University，Chongqing 400045, China;
2. ChongQing Transportation Research and Design Institute, Chongqing 400045, China )

Abstract: An innovative external prestressing method was designed by anchoring carbon fiber sheet (CFS) to the structure. Several WSGG anchors were be used. The WSGG anchors were fixed first at both ends of CFS, and then other WSGG anchors were tightened. When the WSGG anchors in the middle of CFS were being tightened, the CFS was tensioned. To validate the present innovative prestressing method, nine aging beams were collected from the Cheng-Yu highway and three of them were strengthened by present method. It is conformed that the present method is simple and convenient, the technic is feasible, and the strengthening effect is visible.
Keywords: pr-stress;　CFS;　 strengthening;　WSGG anchor

E-mail: yakzj@163.com

钢骨混凝土异形截面柱抗震性能试验及分析

曹万林¹　樊　太¹　张维斌²　杨兴民¹
(1. 北京工业大学，北京100022；2. 中元国际工程设计研究院，北京100089)

摘要：北京财富中心一期工程办公楼框筒结构的外框柱为钢骨混凝土柱，它采用了两种柱截面类型，一种为截面形如乒乓球拍的钢骨混凝土异形截面柱，一种为钢骨混凝土圆形截面柱。为了研究这种钢骨混凝土异形截面柱的抗震性能并与钢骨混凝土圆形截面柱作比较，从实际工程中选择了具有代表性的3根钢骨混凝土异形截面柱和1根钢骨混凝土圆形截面柱，进行了低周反复荷载下的模型试验，模型按1/4缩尺。重点探讨了各钢骨混凝土柱的承载力、刚度及其衰减过程、延性、滞回特性及破坏特征。用基于平截面假定的条带法建立了这种钢骨混凝土异形截面柱正截面承载力的计算方法，圆形截面则作为其分析的特例，计算分析了轴压比及含钢骨率对正截面承载力的影响，其正截面承载力计算结果与实测值符合较好。试验及分析表明，钢骨混凝土异形截面柱抗震性能良好，经合理设计可以满足抗震设计的要求。
关键词：钢骨混凝土；异形截面柱；抗震性能；轴压比；含钢骨率

Test and analysis of the seismic performance of SRC columns of irregular sections

Cao Wanlin¹　Fan Tai¹　Zhang Weibin²　Yang Xingmin¹
(1. Beijing University of Technology，Beijing 100022，China;
2. IPPR Engineering International, Beijing 100089,China)

Abstract: SRC columns of irregularly-shaped sections, something like table tennis racket, are employed in the Beijing Fortune Plaza. Previous research on this type of SRC column has not been known. In order to understand the seismic behavior of this type of SRC column, three irregularly-shaped and one circular SRC columns of 1/4 scale were designed and tested with low cyclic loading. The load-carrying capacity, stiffness and its attenuation, ductility, hysteretic property and failure mechanism of the irregularly shaped columns were studied and compared with those of the column of a circular section. The load-carrying capacity of the test specimens was calculated with the strip method, and the calculation results agree well with the experimental results. The test and study indicate that this type of SRC column has good seismic behavior and meets the demand if rationally designed.
Keywords: steel reinforced concrete; column with irregularly-shaped section; seismic performance; axial compression ratio; the steel ratio

E-mail: wlcao@bjut.edu.cn

拉伸载荷作用下混凝土蠕变-损伤破坏过程数值模拟

徐 涛^1,2 林 皋¹ 唐春安¹ 胡志强¹ 朱万成³
（1.大连理工大学，辽宁大连 116024；2.大连大学，辽宁大连 116622；
3.东北大学，辽宁沈阳 110004）

摘要：在材料破裂过程分析MFPA2D系统的基础上，考虑混凝土损伤过程的时间因素影响，引入混凝土细观单元蠕变本构方程，建立考虑流变效应的混凝土破裂过程蠕变-损伤相互作用的MFPA2D数值模型，并应用该模型模拟研究轴向拉伸恒定持续荷载作用下混凝土的蠕变破坏过程，数值模拟得到混凝土蠕变破裂的典型三个阶段：初始蠕变、稳定蠕变和加速蠕变阶段，模拟结果揭示了混凝土的宏观蠕变破坏实质上是细观层次上单元损伤累计的结果。模拟结果同实验室试验所观察到的试验现象吻合，这表明考虑流变效应的MFPA2D数值模型适用于模拟混凝土的蠕变破坏这一复杂的、非线性演化问题。上述数值结果对大坝混凝土工程的混凝土结构的工程设计施工及损伤断裂控制等的研究具有重要的理论指导和实践意义。
关键词：混凝土；蠕变；损伤；破裂过程；持续载荷；数值模拟

Numerical simulation of creep-damage failure process of
concrete under sustained tensile loading

Xu Tao^1,2　 Lin Gao¹　Tang Chun-an¹　　Hu Zhiqiang¹　 Zhu Wancheng³
(1.Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; 2.Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;3. Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China)

Abstract: The rheological model of concrete in the process of failure is coupled in series with the time-dependent constitutive relationship of concrete damage and deformation in the Material Failure Process Analysis (MFPA2D) code, which is then employed to simulate the progressive creep failure of concrete specimens under sustained tensile loading and the typical time-dependent deformations, including the transient creep, the steady-state creep and the accelerating creep. The numerical results indicate that the macroscopic creep failure is induced by clusters of microfracturing on a meso scale. The fact that the simulations are in good agreement with the laboratory observations indicates that the rheological model is appropriate for investigating the nonlinear creep failure of concrete structures.
Keywords: concrete; creep; damage; failure process; sustained loading; numerical simulation

E-mail: neuxutao@126.com

防恐怖爆炸重要建筑物的概念设计

田志敏¹　 张想柏¹　 杜修力²
（1.总参工程兵第四设计研究院，北京100850；2.北京工业大学，北京100022）

摘要：提出重要建筑物防护恐怖爆炸的概念设计问题。通过分析几个典型恐怖爆炸破坏建筑物事件，指出建筑物可能产生的一些实质性破坏及其特点；强调建筑规划设计中要求建筑师、规划师与结构工程师、爆炸防护专家及安全顾问共同参与确定总体方案的重要性；阐明运用各种减爆与安全措施对建筑物进行综合防爆的设计观点。内容涉及建筑物场地选择及外部空间环境设计、建筑物的体形及结构总体布置、建筑物内部按风险程度不同进行分区设计等防护概念。
关键词：建筑物；防护恐怖爆炸；概念设计　

Conceptual design of important buildings to mitigate terrorist explosion attacks

Tian Zhimin¹　　Zhang Xiangbai¹　　Du Xiuli²
(1.The Forth Engineer Scientific Research Institute of the Headquarters of the General Staff, Beijing 100850, China；2. Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China)

Abstract: The hazards on buildings due to terrorist explosion attacks in recent decades are investigated and the conceptual design of important buildings (e.g. government office, commercial complex, large residential building) to mitigate the terrorist explosion attack damage is proposed.　It is emphasized that the conceptual design should begin with the site selection and the architectural planning, and all measures to mitigate terrorist explosion attack damage should be considered in the design. These measures include techniques such as physical space planning to minimize the hazards of explosion on people and property by deliberate planning of building locations, organization of space, and other nonstructural features. Planning engineer, architectural engineer, structural engineer, blast specialist and security consultant should collaborate closely in the conceptual design.
Keywords: important building; mitigation of terrorist explosion attack; architectural planning; conceptual design

E-mail: zhimintian@163.com

城市隔震高架桥梁地震反应的半主动控制

李忠献 岳福青 周 莉
（天津大学，天津300072）

摘要：研究应用磁流变（MR）阻尼器对隔震连续梁桥邻联相对位移的半主动控制，并采用离线优化与在线自调整相结合进行模糊控制（FLC）。以邻联最大相对位移最小化为目标函数，对基本模糊控制器的隶属函数、量化因子、比例因子进行离线遗传优化；对优化后的模糊控制器的量化因子和比例因子进行在线自调整；数值仿真分析一多跨隔震连续梁桥的简化四自由度体系的半主动控制，比较不同控制方案的控制效果。结果表明，将MR阻尼器安装在上部结构与桥墩之间对桥梁邻联相对位移的控制效果优于将其安装在邻联之间；半主动控制能同时有效控制邻联最大相对位移与支座变形；与普通模糊控制以及仅采用遗传优化的模糊控制相比，具有在线自调整功能的模糊控制具有更好的控制效果和鲁棒性。
关键词：城市高架桥梁；地震反应；隔震；半主动控制；磁流变（MR）阻尼器；模糊控制（FLC）；遗传算法；自调整

Semi-active control on seismic responses of vibration-insulated urban elevated bridges

Li Zhongxian　 Yue Fuqing　 Zhou Li
(Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

Abstract: Semi-active control via magnet rheologic (MR) dampers for control of the relative displacement between adjacent segments of a seismic isolated continuous girder bridge is investigated, and fuzzy logic control (FLC) is performed by combing offline optimization and online self-tuning. Taking the relative displacement between adjacent segments as the objective function to be minimized, the membership function, the quantification factor and the scaling factor of basic FLC are offline optimized by using a genetic algorithm (GA). The quantification and scaling factors of the optimized FLC are self-tuned online. The semi-active control for a simplified four degrees of freedom system of an isolated multi-span continuous girder bridge is numerically simulated, and the control effects for different control strategies are compared. The results indicate that the control effect of installing MR dampers between superstructure and piers on the relative displacement between adjacent segments of bridge is superior to that of installing MR dampers between adjacent segments. Relative displacement and bearing deformation may be effectively decreased by employing the semi-active control strategy. Comparing with the conventional FLC and the FLC optimized by GA only, the FLC with online self-tuning performance has better control effect and robustness.
Keywords: urban elevated bridge; seismic response; seismic isolation; semi-active control; magnetorheological (MR) damper; fuzzy logic control (FLC); genetic algorithm; self-tuning

E-mail: zxli@tju.edu.cn

杭州湾跨海大桥索梁锚固节点模型试验研究

朱劲松¹ 肖汝诚² 曹一山²
(1.天津大学，天津 300072；2.同济大学，上海200092)

摘要：以杭州湾跨海大桥耳板销铰式索梁锚固结构为研究对象，进行1∶3缩尺模型试验，研究在北航道桥最长边索1.0、1.4及1.7倍设计索力作用下，耳板的应力分布；研究耳板与钢箱梁斜腹板连接的传力途径，考察螺栓受力不均匀性和销铰可转动性；通过该索在设计最大、最小索力作用下的低周反复荷载试验研究耳板螺栓紧固性能；最后通过有限元仿真分析和模型试验结果共同验证该桥索梁锚固结构传力可靠性和构造合理性。研究表明：该桥的耳板式索梁锚固结构传力可靠、构造合理，是较为理想的索梁锚固形式。
关键词：斜拉桥；锚固区；销铰式连接；模型试验；应力状态

Model test on the cable anchorage of the main girder of the Hangzhou Bay Bridge

Zhu Jinsong¹　 Xiao Rucheng²　 Cao Yishan²
(1.Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; 2.Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract: A 1∶3 model of the cable anchorage of the Hangzhou Bay Bridge is tested. The bridge is a steel box girder type. The stress distribution, force transfer and safety of the ear plate and steel box girder, the internal force distribution and rotation performance of the pin-hinge, with the cable force ranging from 1.0 to 1.7 times of the design force, are investigated. The safety and rationality of the anchorage are validated by the model test and the finite element analysis. The results indicate that the cable anchorage of the main girder of the Hangzhou Bay Bridge is a reasonably well-designed anchorage structure.
Keywords: cable-stayed bridge; anchorage; pin-hinge connection; model test; stress state

E-mail: zhu.jinsong@163.com

国内首座CFRP索斜拉桥的研究

吕志涛¹　 梅葵花^1,2
（1.东南大学，江苏南京 210096；2.长安大学，陕西西安 710064）

摘要：为推动CFRP索斜拉桥在我国的发展并积累经验，作者主持了国内首座CFRP索试验桥的设计和应用研究。在设计研究中，阐述了该桥主要部件的设计要点，采用有限元法分析其整体受力性能；结合该桥的建造，分析各种黏结型锚具的受力性能，研制一种黏结型CFRP拉索锚具，并对5组试验索进行试验研究；阐述CFRP拉索的制备工艺和安装工艺；根据施工过程仿真分析结果，提出对拉索一次性张拉到位的张拉方案，并对张拉期间的各项测试结果进行分析。通过本试验桥的研究，基本解决CFRP拉索在中等跨径斜拉桥中应用的设计和施工方面的问题。
关键词：斜拉桥；CFRP索；试验研究；锚具；制索工艺

First application of CFRP cables for a cable-stayed bridge in China

Lü Zhitao¹　　Mei Kuihua^1,2
(1. Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; 2. Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China)

Abstract: In order to promote the development of CFRP cable-stayed bridges in China, a study is carried out on the design and application of the first cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables in China. In the study, the design essentials of the main components of the bridge are elaborated and their integral performances are analyzed by using the finite element method. Combined with the construction of the bridge, the performances of various types of adhesive anchorages are analyzed, a new type of adhesive anchorage is developed, and five sets of experimental CFRP cables are tested. The manufacture and installation techniques of CFRP cables are elaborated. Based on the results of construction simulation, a scheme to apply the full tension in one single operation is proposed, and the measurement data during tensioning of the cables are analyzed.　
Keywords: cable-stayed bridge; CFRP cable; experimental study; anchor; fabrication technology of cables

E-mail: luzhitao@seu.edu.cn

圆形放坡基坑临界深度极限分析

崔新壮^1,2 金 青¹ 朱维申¹ 姚占勇¹
(1.山东大学，山东济南 250061; 2.中国水利水电科学研究院，北京 100044）

摘要：近几年，圆形基坑出现在许多土木工程中，为求解圆形放坡基坑的临界深度，用塑性力学中的上限法对其稳定性进行分析。假设基坑的滑裂面为旋转对数螺旋面，根据库仑材料相关联流动法则构建相应的机动许可速度场，利用体应变率求得变形区的内部能量耗散率，最终建立求解圆形放坡基坑临界深度的最优化模型。通过对该模型的求解，研究临界深度随基坑坡角、深径比及土内摩擦角等的变化规律。分析发现“拱效应”使得圆形基坑的临界深度大于平面边坡的临界高度，但当深径比很小时，前者的上限解将接近后者的上限解。若基坑的深度与直径之比小于10，则可忽略“拱效应”，将其看成平面边坡，用条分法对其进行稳定性分析。另外，将圆形基坑临界深度的上限解与轴对称极限平衡解进行比较，发现前者更接近真实解。
关键词：圆形基坑；边坡；临界深度；极限分析；上限法

Limit analysis of the critical depth of circular step-sloped foundation pits

Cui Xinzhuang^1,2　　Jin Qing¹　　Zhu Weishen¹　　Yao Zhanyong¹
( 1. Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;
2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research，Beijing 100044，China)

Abstract: Circular foundation pits often appear in civil engineering design. In order to determine the critical depth of a circular step-sloped foundation pit, an upper-bound method in the theory of plasticity was usually employed. In the analysis, a slip surface was assumed to be the rotational log-spiral surface. Then, a kinematically admissible velocity field was obtained according to the associated flow rule for Coulomb materials, and the energy dissipation rate of the deforming region was calculated with the bulk strain rate. Finally, an optimized model of the critical depth was established. Using this model, the variations of the critical depth with a slope-angle, the ratio of depth to radius of pit and the internal friction angle of the soil were studied. It was found that the arching effect makes the critical depth of the circular foundation pit larger than the critical height of plane-slopes. However, when the ratio of depth to radius of pit is very small, the upper-bound solution of the former will largely approach that of the latter. If the ratio of depth to diameter of pit is less than 10, the arching effect may be ignored and the circular foundation pit can be analyzed as plane slopes with the method of slices. Comparison between the upper-bound solution and the solution from the limit equilibrium method indicates that the former is more accurate than the latter.
Keywords: circular foundation pit; slope; critical depth; limit analysis; upper-bound method

E-mail: cuixz@sdu.edu.cn

基于强度折减的刚性抗滑桩锚固深度确定

胡晓军　 王建国
（合肥工业大学，安徽合肥 230009）

摘要：分析边坡加固工程中抗滑桩锚固深度确定存在的问题,认为地层侧壁应力的容许值应符合摩尔—库仑强度准则,而不是采用土的被动抗力与主动压应力之差；抗滑桩锚固深度选取应考虑边坡工程等级；工程中常通过验算确定锚固深度，计算过程较为复杂，难以得出合理的结果。基于强度折减，考虑抗滑桩锚固深度的相关影响因素，利用抗滑桩内力分析的悬臂桩法，推得了刚性抗滑桩锚固深度的计算公式。公式理论推导严密，通过简单的试算可直接得出最终结果，计算方便；对于不同等级边坡，可选取相应的强度折减系数。工程算例表明该方法的计算结果比较合理，具有一定的工程应用价值。
关键词：边坡加固；强度折减；刚性抗滑桩；锚固深度

Determination of the anchorage depth of rigid anti-slide
piles based on strength reduction method

Hu Xiaojun　 Wang Jianguo
（Hefei University of Technology， Hefei 230009，China）

Abstract: The problems of determining the anchorage depth in slope consolidation engineering are analyzed. The allowable lateral stress of soil layers, not the difference between the passive and the active earth pressure, should conform to the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion. The classification of a slope project should be considered in selecting the anchorage depth. Anchorage depth is determined usually through mechanical check calculations. The calculation procedure is not only complicated but also difficult in obtaining any rational results. Based on strength reduction, a calculation formula for determining the anchorage depth of rigid anti-slide piles is rigorously derived, with the consideration of the influential factors related to the cantilever-pile method. For different classifications of slopes, corresponding strength reduction coefficients may be selected. Examples show that the calculation results are rational and useful for engineering applications.
Keywords: slope consolidation；strength reduction；rigid anti-slide pile；anchorage depth

E-mail: ahsdxyhxj@163.com

流体包裹体法在岩体滑坡周界预测中的应用

徐金明 孙昆仑
(上海大学，上海200072)

摘要：岩体滑坡是岩体变形与破坏状态达到一定程度的结果，岩体中流体包裹体参数及其变化是反映这一状态变化的重要微观指标，研究这些参数及其变化可以确定岩体滑坡的滑动周界。以浙江省湖州市白鹤岭滑坡为例，分析16个测试样本的流体包裹体迹面特征参数（包括张开度、粗糙度系数和分布密度）和包裹体热动力学参数（包括水溶液包裹体和CO2-H2O包裹体的均一温度和流体密度），使用聚类分析与对应分析对反映流体包裹体迹面特征的样本、指标和滑坡周界的相互关系进行分析，提出分类标准和聚类方法的建议。结果表明，16个测试样本分为3类比较合适，3种样本类型与稳定区、滑坡周界、滑动区基本一致，样本、指标和滑坡周界之间具有较好的对应关系。在此基础上，提出确定岩体滑坡周界的一种新方法：流体包裹体方法。这一方法将为岩体滑坡的分析与预测提供一条具有良好前景的新方法。
关键词：流体包裹体；滑坡周界；迹面特征参数；包裹体热动力学参数；聚类分析；对应分析

Determination of landslide boundary by fluid inclusions

Xu Jinming　 Sun Kunlun
(Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China)

Abstract: Rock landslides result from rock deformations exceeding certain extent. Parameters of fluid inclusions in the rock mass are important microscopic indices of reflecting the change of states. These indices and changes may be employed to determine the boundary of landslide. The Baiheling slope, located near Huzhou City, Zejiang Province, P. R. China, was considered in using clustering and correlation analyses to reveal the relationships among 16 samples, 7 indices and the landslide boundary. The indices include the characteristic parameters (such as aperture, roughness coefficient, distribution density) of fluid inclusion planes and the thermodynamic parameters (such as homogenization temperatures, densities of aqueous and CO2-H2O solutions) of the inclusions. A clustering criterion and method were proposed.　It was shown that these samples may be classified into three groups corresponding to, respectively, the stable area, the boundary and the landslide area. A new technique for determining landslide boundary with fluid inclusions was proposed, which may be employed for analyzing and forecasting rock landslides.
Keywords: fluid inclusion; landslide boundary; characteristic parameter; thermodynamic parameters; clustering analysis; correspondence analysis

E-mail: xjming@163.com

基于时空马尔可夫随机场模型的车辆跟踪算法研究

施 毅 路小波 黄 卫 刘 涛
（东南大学，江苏南京210096）

摘要：鲁棒的车辆跟踪是实现交通事件自动检测的重要前提，车辆跟踪中的车辆相互遮挡则是影响车辆跟踪结果的关键因素。针对这一难题，设计自适应的车辆跟踪算法，并依据交通图像序列的时空相关性，根据马尔可夫的基本理论和贝叶斯方法，应用MRF-MAP理论分析框架，并结合了彩色图像序列的纹理信息建立了图像序列的时空马尔可夫随机场模型。采用随机松弛算法中的Metropolis算法来求解时空马尔可夫随机场模型，对车辆跟踪得到的目标标号图进行优化，从而解决车辆跟踪中的遮挡问题。初步实验结果，跟踪不遮挡的车辆时达到的跟踪成功率为95%。遮挡情况时成功率也可达到83%。实验结果表明，该跟踪算法在不遮挡时效果非常理想，在遮挡情况下跟踪鲁棒性也较好。
关键词：车辆跟踪；遮挡；时空马尔可夫随机场模型；随机松弛算法

A Vehicle tracking algorithm based on spatial-temporal
Markov random field model

Shi Yi Lu Xiaobo Huang Wei Liu Tao
(Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)

Abstract: Robust vehicle tracking algorithm is an important precondition for realizing traffic event detection, but occlusion is a key influence factor for vehicle tracking. An adaptive vehicle tracking algorithm is designed to deal with the problem. In addition, according to the spatial and temporal characteristics of traffic image sequences，using basic Markov theory and Bayesian method, and combining texture information of color image sequences, a spatial-temporal Markov random field model of image sequence is built. After object maps are optimized with the Metropolis stochastic algorithm, the occlusion problem in vehicle tracking is solved. Preliminary experimental result, the tracking success ratio when vehicles are not occluded with each other is 95%, and when being occluded the tracking success ratio is 83%. The experimental results indicate that this tracking algorithm is accurate when being not occluded and acceptable when being occluded.
Keywords: vehicle tracking; occlusion；spatial-temporal Markov random field model；stochastic relaxation algorithm

E-mail: syzy2001@gmail.com

救援车辆通行畅通可靠度模糊综合评价方法研究

杨晓光 彭春露
（同济大学，上海200092）

摘要：突发事件发生后救援车辆必须能尽快赶赴现场施救，但路网交通流的随机变化特性往往会影响救援车辆的通行效率，引入可靠性理论对路网交通流影响下的救援车辆畅通通行可靠性进行分析。考虑到救援车辆出行高效率要求以及优先通行特性，依据实地调研结果将救援车辆通行畅通程度划分为五个等级，在此基础上提出救援车辆通行畅通可靠度的概念，并依据道路网络拓扑结构将道路网络分为道路单元、路径以及路网三级，依次构造救援车辆通行畅通可靠度的模糊综合评价模型。首次考虑路网交通供需随机变化对救援车辆出行的影响，其研究成果的可操作性和实用性较强，为救援管理部门对救援管理系统进行科学评价和合理规划提供良好的借鉴和参考。
关键词：救援；畅通可靠度；多级模糊综合评价

Travel reliability evaluation of emergency vehicles
based on multilevel fuzzy synthesis judgment method

Yang Xiaoguang　 Peng Chunlu
（Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China）

Abstract: Emergency vehicles have to hurry to the scene whenever accidents occur, though the vehicles may encounter traffic jams and delay the rescue process. The impact of traffic flow on emergency vehicles is analyzed by using the reliability method. According to the travel characteristics and high efficiency requirement of emergency vehicles, the travel states of emergency vehicles are classified into five levels, then the concept of unblocked reliability of emergency vehicles is presented, and a multilevel fuzzy synthesis judgment model is selected for evaluating the unblocked reliability of emergency vehicles. According to this model, the road network is classified into three levels: cells, routes and road network. This is the first time for attention of study being given to the influence of road network traffic demand and supply variation on emergency vehicles, and the results may assist the management departments to evaluate and plan emergency management systems more scientifically.
Keywords: rescue; unblocked reliability; multilevel fuzzy synthesis judgment

E-mail: yxgits@vip.sina.com

构建我国住宅质量保证保险体系

张仕廉 马 亭 王 锋
（重庆大学，重庆 400045）

摘要：住宅质量对于房地产业发展的重要性是不言而喻的，然而当前我国商品住宅质量问题已成为全社会关注的焦点。如何建立一套完善的住宅质量保证体系是解决住宅质量问题、规范建筑市场的关键。住宅质量保证保险是一种国际上流行的解决当前问题的有效途径。阐述我国住宅质量现状及传统的住宅质量保证机制，并深入分析传统的住宅质量保证机制存在的弊端及其问题根源；基于利用经济和法律手段解决住宅质量问题、顺应房地产市场经济发展趋势的思想，构建我国住宅质量保证保险体系，并对住宅质量保险责任界定、保险主体职责及其相互关系、效果进行分析；提出建立诚信体系、成立质量检验中介机构、完善法律制度、住宅质量标准认定等保证我国住宅质量保险顺利运行的措施。
关键词：住宅质量保险；诚信；体系

Establishing insurance system of housing quality assurance in China

Zhang Shilian　　Ma Ting　　Wang Feng
(Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China)

Abstract: There is no doubt that housing quality is significant to the development of real estate industry, and the quality of commercial housing is currently a focus of the whole society in China. How to establish a completed housing quality assurance system is the key to solve housing quality problems and to standardize the construction market. As a popular pattern in international construction market, insurance system for housing quality assurance is an effective method. The status of housing quality and traditional housing quality assurance system in China are presented, and the disadvantages and primary causes of problems in traditional housing quality assurance system are analyzed. Based on economic and legislative measures to solve housing quality problems and the principles for economic development of real estate market, an insurance system is established for housing quality assurance in China, a series of analyses are analyzed for the definition of housing quality insurance responsibilities, the main insurance party’s responsibilities, correlations and effects between parties, and measurements , and proposals are provided for establishing trust and law systems, organizations to set standards and check housing quality are , in order to assure the normal operation of housing quality.
Keywords: housing quality insurance; trust; system

E-mail: cquzsl@126.com

数字地价模型建立过程中的插值方法研究
——以上海内环线地区为例

施建刚 李俊明
(同济大学，上海 200092)

摘要：对反距离加权平均(IDW)插值法和克立格(Kriging)插值法两种空间插值方法在数字地价模型（DLPM）建立过程中的插值效果进行比较研究，采用上海内环线地区内的实际样本点数据进行有关实证分析。利用空间插值软件Surfer8.0对上海内环线地区内地价样本点使用上述两种不同的插值方法插值生成不同的插值结果文件，再利用GIS软件MapInfo7.5把插值结果文件生成数字地价栅格专题图，最后用随机选取的验证点对不同的插值结果进行比较分析。研究结果表明：反距离加权平均(IDW)插值法比克立格(Kriging)插值法插值效果更佳，其插值结果更加接近实际地价分布，而且，反距离加权平均(IDW)插值法属于确定性插值法，也简单、易操作，样本点处的插值结果也可以更好的接近样本点的实际地价值，使得数字地价模型（DLPM）的建立更加可靠、可行。
关键词：数字地价模型；IDW插值；Kriging插值

A study on interpolation techniques in the Digital Land Price Model
——the case of Shanghai inner belt-way district

Shi Jiangang　　Li Junming
(Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract: Two spatial interpolation methods, IDW and Kriging, are studied and their differences　are compared in terms of the process of setting up the Digital Land Price Model. A corroborative analysis was carried out using the sampling data in the area of the Shanghai inner belt expressway. The two methods are applied using a Surfer8.0 software system, based on the land price sampling data of the aforementioned area. The results are then used to obtain the digital land price grid subject charts with the help of the GIS software, MapInfo7.5. The stochastic validation points are selected to compare and analyze the results, which prove that the IDW interpolation method is better than Kriging and correlate closer to the practical land price distribution. Furthermore, the IDW interpolation method is a deterministic method and easy to use in practice, and the interpolation result at swatch point is close to the practical price, making the process of setting up the Digital Land Price Model more credible and feasible.
Keywords: Digital Land Price Model(DLPM)；IDW interpolation；Kriging interpolation

E-mail: shidai@online.sh.cn

DEA方法在项目评价及优化中的应用

王要武¹　王 峰¹　张跃松²
（1.哈尔滨工业大学，黑龙江哈尔滨150001；2.中国人民大学，北京100872）

摘要：在建设项目可行性论证中方案评价与选择的正确与否决定了建设项目投资效益的优劣。为克服目前可行性论证中单指标评价和评价指标体系不完善的弊端，本文利用数据包络分析（Data Envelopment Analysis,DEA）方法，结合项目建设过程中的实际案例——不同规模炼油厂进行分析比较，对建设项目多方案的选取进行了多目标综合评价。在评价中利用基础数据和数据包络分析模型进行分析，可获得不同方案投资效率的相对有效性以及方案的优劣顺序，同时利用数据包络分析模型能够反映出更多的有关方案内部的信息，如无效方案的主要影响指标及不同指标对方案的影响程度，便于决策者对方案的投入与产出指标进行调整和分析，为决策者的科学决策提供依据。
关键词：建设项目；多目标评价；数据包络分析；相对有效性

Application of DEA in evaluation and optimization of projects

Wang　Yaowu¹　　Wang　Feng¹　　Zhang Yuesong²
(1.Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;
2.Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)

Abstract: The evaluation of construction projects is of great importance in feasibility studies, since it is related to the investment performance. In order to overcome the disadvantages of single index or inadequate indices in the feasibility study, the method of Data Envelopment Analysis is applied to the multi-objective comprehensive evaluation of different projects during the feasibility study in order to select the optimal projects. The DEA model can be employed to evaluate the relative efficiency of different projects, to decide the optimal orders of construction projects, and to offer more intimate information of the projects concerned that decision-makers would want to know about.　 Besides, it is convenient for decision-makers to get more satisfied projects by adjusting the index system of input and output. Thus DEA model provides a scientific reference for decision-makers.
Keywords: construction project; multi-objective evaluation; Data Envelopment Analysis; relative efficiency

E-mail：ywwang@hit.edu.cn

国际平整度指数与路面功率谱密度相关关系研究及验证

周晓青¹　 颜　利²　 孙立军³
（1.上海市公路管理处，上海 200063；2.上海兰德公路工程咨询设计有限公司，上海 200070；3.同济大学，上海 200092）

摘要：对国际平整度指数IRI与路面功率谱密度的相关关系进行研究。将路面不平整度假设为随机平稳变量而作为四分之一车模型的激励，并基于随机过程理论，通过频率响应函数求得簧上质量与簧下质量的竖向位移差的响应，由响应统计特性建立国际平整度指数IRI与簧上质量的功率谱密度均方值之间的线性相关关系。通过上海市典型路段与美国长期路面性能研究（LTPP）的纵断面实测高程数据，并利用MATLAB编程计算得到实测路段的IRI值与簧上质量谱密度的均方值，从数值上验证两者之间的线性相关关系。
关键词：路面不平整度；国际平整度指数；功率谱密度；随机过程理论

Study and validation of the relationship between international
roughness index and power spectral density

Zhou Xiaoqing¹　　Yan Li²　　Sun Lijun³
(1. Shanghai Highway Administration Department, Shanghai 200063, China;
2. Shaghai Lander Consulting Engineers Ltd., Shanghai 200070, China;
3. Tongji University ,Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract: The relationship between International Roughness Index（IRI）and Power Spectral Density(PSD) is studied. Pavement roughness is assumed as random stationary variable and used as the exciting force of theoretical analyses of the quarter car model of IRI. From the frequency response function of the quarter car, the response function of the displacement difference between above-spring and beneath-spring mass is obtained by means of the random process theory. Then the relationship between IRI and mean square value of above-spring mass PSD is established from the statistical characteristics of the response function. Using the longitudinal road profiles of typical roads in Shanghai and the data from the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) in the US, the IRI and mean square value of above-spring mass PSD of these profiles are calculated by using MATLAB to validate the proposed model.
Keywords：pavement roughness; international roughness index; power spectral density; random process theory

E-mail: zhouxiaoqing3001@163.com