钢管高性能混凝土的水化热和收缩性能研究

韩林海^1，2　 杨有福²　 李永进²　 冯 斌²
（1.清华大学土木工程系，结构工程与振动教育部重点实验室，北京 100084；
2.福州大学，土木工程学院，福建福州 350002）

摘要： 以构件截面尺寸和截面形式为基本参数，进行了钢管高性能混凝土柱水泥水化阶段构件截面温度场和核心混凝土收缩性能的实验研究，考察了水泥水化阶段钢管混凝土构件温度场及其核心混凝土的收缩特性。研究结果表明，钢管高性能混凝土构件截面温度场的变化规律与普通混凝土类似，但钢管混凝土中核心混凝土的收缩变形远小于素混凝土的收缩变形。在实验研究结果的基础上，通过对ACI209（1992）提供的普通混凝土收缩模型的修正，提出了适合钢管混凝土中核心混凝土收缩变形的计算公式。
关键词：钢管混凝土；高性能混凝土；水化热；收缩；模型
中图分类号：TU392.3　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0001-09

Hydration heat and shrinkage of high performance concrete-filled steel tubes

Han Linhai^1，2　　　Yang Youfu²　　　Li Yongjin²　　　Feng Bin²
（1. Department of Civil Engineering，Laboratory of Structural Engineering and Vibration，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China；2. School of Civil Engineering，Fuzhou University，Fuzhou 350002，China）

Abstract: The temperature field during cement hydration, and the shrinkage of the core concrete in high performance concrete-filled steel tubes are experimentally studied in this paper. The main parameters studied are sectional dimensions and sectional types. The observed results show that the temperature field in high performance concrete-filled steel tubes is similar to that of ordinary concrete members. However， the shrinkage value of concrete in high performance concrete-filled steel tubes is significantly lower than that of plain concrete. Based on the measured results， concrete shrinkage model proposed by ACI 209 (1992) specifications was modified. Moreover， a formula for calculating the shrinkage of core concrete in high performance concrete-filled steel tubes is suggested.
Keywords: concrete-filled steel tube；high performance concrete；hydration heat；shrinkage；model
E-mail：lhhan@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

芳纶纤维筋有黏结部分预应力混凝土梁受弯性能研究

孟履祥　 陶学康　 关建光　 徐福泉
（中国建筑科学研究院，北京 100013）

摘要：对以芳纶纤维筋为有黏结预应力筋、环氧涂层钢筋为非预应力筋的部分预应力混凝土梁的受弯性能进行研究，共进行了10根梁从混凝土开裂、裂缝开展直至梁受弯破坏的全过程试验。测定了梁的开裂弯矩，梁截面应变分布，变形的发展，裂缝出现、发展及分布情况，提出区分芳纶纤维筋破断及混凝土压坏的界限等效配筋率或界限中和轴高度，推导出芳纶纤维筋拉断和混凝土压坏同时发生，混凝土压坏、芳纶纤维筋未拉断及芳纶纤维筋拉断、混凝土未压坏等情况的受弯承载力计算方法，并提出芳纶纤维筋有黏结部分预应力混凝土梁短期刚度及裂缝宽度的计算方法。
关键词：芳纶纤维筋；环氧涂层钢筋；有黏结部分预应力混凝土梁；受弯承载力；短期刚度；裂缝宽度
中图分类号：TU377.9+4　 TU378.8 　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0010-10

Experimental study on flexural behavior of partially
prestressed concrete beams with bonded AFRP tendons

Meng Lüxiang Tao Xuekang Guan Jianguang Xu Fuquan
（China Academy of Building Research，Beijing 100013，China）

Abstract: This study deals with the flexural behavior of partially prestressed concrete beams with bonded AFRP tendons and epoxy coated steel bars. A full-range of tests was conducted by loading 10 beam specimens all the way to initial cracking of concrete，leading to eventual failure. In these tests，bending moment at the on-set of crack，corresponding strain distribution，deflections of the beams，crack initiation and its growth were measured. The critical equivalent reinforcement ratio，or the critical height of neutral axis，was proposed to distinguish between AFRP tendons rupture and concrete compression failure. A method for calculating the flexural load-bearing capacity in different failure modes，including concrete compression failure，AFRP tendon rupture and simultaneous concrete compression failure and AFRP tendon rupture，are proposed. The method is also capable of calculating the short-term stiffness and crack width of the concrete beam.
Keywords: AFRP tendon；epoxy coated steel bar；bonded partially prestressed concrete beam；flexural load-bearing capacity；short-term stiffness；crack width
E-mail：menglvxiang@cabrtech.com

钢结构半刚性端板连接弯矩-转角曲线简化计算方法

石永久　 施　 刚　 王元清
（清华大学，北京 100084）

摘要：结合已有研究成果及国外规范的建议，对应用于多层钢框架中的半刚性端板连接梁柱节点提出了标准构造建议，并针对此类端板连接提出了相应的弯矩—转角（M-φ）曲线形式及简化计算方法。通过将计算结果与相关试验结果对比，证明了该方法能够较好地计算端板连接的弯矩—转角（M-φ）全曲线，特别是能够非常准确地计算端板连接在节点弯矩小于节点抗弯承载力设计值时的节点转角，从而能够很好地满足结构设计的要求；且该方法计算过程简单，可操作性较强，方便实际应用，为我国钢结构设计规范关于半刚性端板连接的设计计算方法提供了有益补充。
关键词： 钢结构；端板连接；半刚性；弯矩—转角（M-φ）曲线；节点刚度
中图分类号：TU391　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0019-05

A simplified calculation method for moment-rotation
curve of semi-rigid end-plate connections

Shi Yongjiu Shi Gang Wang Yuanqing
（Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084，China）

Abstract: Based on the available research results and the recommendations of relevant design specifications, this paper gives suggestions for the standard details of semi-rigid end-plate connections in multistory steel frames. The moment-rotation curve and the corresponding simplified theoretical calculation method for this type of end-plate connections have been presented. Comparing with the test results, it has been verified that this method can accurately and effectively calculate the moment-rotation curve. Especially, this method can calculate the joint rotation precisely in the range of moments lower than the design value of the moment resistance and completely satisfies the structural design requirements. The calculation procedure is simple and more efficient for engineering applications, and provides a beneficial supplement to the steel structure design code for the semi-rigid connections.
Keywords: steel structure；end-plate connection；semirigid；moment-rotation(M-φ) curve；joint stiffness
E-mail：shiyj@Tsinghua.edu.cn

FRP在工程结构中的应用与发展

叶列平　 冯 鹏
(清华大学，北京100084)

摘要：FRP（纤维增强复合材料）近年来在混凝土结构加固中得到广泛的应用，并作为一种新型高性能结构材料受到结构工程界的广泛关注，国内外有关研究和工程单位开展了大量的研究和实践应用。本文介绍了结构工程中常用的FRP材料性能和形式，分析了其优点与不足，并介绍了FRP加固结构、FRP配筋和预应力FRP筋混凝土结构、FRP结构与FRP组合结构以及FRP在桥梁结构、大跨空间结构和智能结构中的应用与发展，以期促进我国土建结构工程中对这一新型高性能材料应用和研究工作的开展。
关键词：纤维增强复合材料；混凝土；结构加固；组合结构；桥梁；大跨结构；智能结构
中图分类号：TU-53　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X (2006) 03-0024-13

Applications and development of fiber-reinforced polymer
in engineering structures

Ye Lieping　 Feng Peng
（Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China）

Abstract：In recent years，FRP(fiber-reinforced polymer/plastic)has been widely utilized for strengthening concrete structures due to its high tensile property. FRP has attracted much attention by the civil and construction industry since it is considered as a new type of high performance structural material. Many research works and actual applications of FRP to civil structures were carried out by both domestic and international organizations. In this paper，an introduction is given on the properties and different forms of FRP frequently used for structural applications，including the statements on the advantages and drawbacks of the material. Moreover，a brief review is given on the application and future development of FRP used for strengthening structures，FRP reinforcements and prestressed tendons for concrete structures，FRP composite structures and other FRP structures，such as bridges，large-span structures and intelligent structures. This paper is mainly aimed at promoting future research and application of FRP for civil structures in China.
Keywords：fiber-reinforced polymer/plastic；concrete；structural strengthening；composite structures；bridges；large-span structure；intelligent structure
E-mail：ylp@tsinghua.edu.cn

建筑火灾结构安全数值模拟框架

高佐人¹ 　吴炜煜² 　任爱珠²
（1. 浙江大学建筑设计研究院，杭州 310027；2. 清华大学，北京 100084）

摘要：为了模拟建筑火灾过程中的火灾发展、结构响应及其相互作用提出了该模拟框架。该框架以现有的火灾模拟和结构分析数值模拟软件为基础，通过对其输入文件和模拟结果文件所含信息进行重新建模构成建筑火灾过程的数据环境，根据物理实验研究成果开发了材料高温强度退化和结构破坏方面的数值分析模块，与基础模拟软件一起构成覆盖灾难全过程的数值环境。该框架采用了面向对象的数据建模方法和系统集成技术，使得不同模拟模块的数据对象相互对应并协调工作，并能自动控制各模块实现对火灾过程的模拟，实现了在一个数据环境和一个软件平台上进行建筑火灾结构安全模拟。该框架为建筑火灾研究提供了数值实验方法，具有廉价和快速的特点，也是将实验室研究成果应用于具体建筑仿真的途径，对于建筑火灾性能化设计，消防救援预案的确定和火灾风险评估具有实用价值。
关键词：建筑火灾；结构安全；数值模拟；系统集成
中图分类号：TU998.14　　　　　　　　　　　　文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0037-05

A simulation framework for structural safety in building fire

Gao Zuoren¹ Wu Weiyu² Ren Aizhu²
（1. Architectural Design and Research Institute ZheJiang University，Hangzhou，310027，China；
2. Tsinghua University，Beijing，100084，China）

Abstract：A simulation framework was designed to monitor the structural performance of a building during the process of fire. The framework is constructed on the basis of two existing software packages，one is for fire simulation and the other is for structural analysis. By refining and remodeling the data from the input and output files of the existing software，a numerical environment was established for the fire process. Based on the findings from physical experiments，two program modules for predicting material degradation under high temperatures and structural failure，respectively，were developed. These modules together with the basic framework form a numerical environment for simulation of the building fire process. The framework was developed using the object-oriented data modeling and system integration approach. By so doing，data objects from different modules can be easily coordinated with each other，and the modules can be scheduled automatically during the process of fire. Therefore，by use of the framework， structural safety in a building fire can be readily simulated in a single numerical environment under the same platform. In addition，the framework offers a new option for the study of fire disaster by numerical simulations and the method is both efficient and cost-effective. Indeed，the present research shows that one can bring the study in the laboratory to the simulation of real-world building fire. It is also useful for performance-based fire engineering design.
Keywords：building fire；structural safety；numerical simulation；system integration
E-mail：gaozr00@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

人工气候与恒电流通电法加速锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的结构性能比较研究

袁迎曙　 章鑫森　 姬永生
（中国矿业大学，江苏徐州 221008）

摘要：采用人工气候环境和恒电流通电法对钢筋混凝土梁进行加速锈蚀试验，以钢筋混凝土梁底顺筋锈胀裂缝宽度为标准, 对钢筋表面锈蚀特征、锈蚀钢筋力学性能、以及锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的结构性能进行了试验研究与比较分析。由于人工气候环境与恒电流通电法使混凝土内钢筋锈蚀的电化学机理不同，试验结果表明：在混凝土表面顺筋锈胀开裂宽度相同条件下，两种环境引起的钢筋表面锈蚀特征、锈蚀钢筋名义强度和延伸率、锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁承载能力与延性均有明显的差异。人工气候环境模拟自然环境气候过程，并强化了气候因素的老化作用，使混凝土内钢筋锈蚀具有相同的电化学机理，并达到加速锈蚀的目的, 将对进一步研究钢筋锈蚀程度对结构性能退化影响具有重要的学术和实际意义。
关键词：人工气候；恒电流；钢筋锈蚀；结构性能退化
中图分类号：TU323.3 TB115　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0042-05

A comparative study on structural behavior of deteriorated reinforced concrete beam under two different environments

Yuan Yingshu Zhang Xinsen Ji Yongsheng
（China University of Mining and Technology，Xuzhou 221008，China）

Abstract: Two groups of reinforced concrete beam were tested with accelerated deterioration using a galvanostatic method and under artificial climate environment，respectively. The structural behaviors of deteriorated concrete beams，including its surface characteristic and mechaniccal behavior of corroded bars，capacity and durability of deteriorated beams were compared between the two accelerated test methods based on the same width of corrosion crack. The test results showed obvious differences in structural deterioration when using the galvanostatic method and artificial climate environment with the same width of corrosion crack. This is largely due to different corrosion mechanisms of concrete beams under the conditions of galvanostatic method and artificial climate. The environment under artificial climate can obviously simulate the natural climatic processes，thus strengthen the ageing function. Therefore，the same corrosion mechanism under artificial and natural climate environments and accelerated deterioration can be achieved.
Keywords：artificial climate；galvanostatic method；bar corrosion；structural behavior；deterioration
E-mail：ysyuan@cumt.edu.cn

钢筋混凝土框架柱在轴压比超限时抗震性能的研究

张国军¹　　吕西林¹　　刘伯权²
（1.同济大学，上海 200092；2.长安大学，西安 710061）

摘要：首先讨论了钢筋、混凝土、配箍特征值和轴压比的平均值、标准值及设计值之间的关系，又推导出框架柱轴压比限值与截面界限相对受压区高度之间的计算公式。然后根据26个轴压比超限的框架柱在固定轴向荷载和水平反复荷载作用下的试验结果，主要分析了轴压比、配箍特征值、截面尺寸形状、混凝土强度等级、箍筋形式及剪跨比等因素对轴压比超限框架柱的骨架曲线、滞回曲线、位移延性及极限位移角的影响及作用。根据试验结果提出了钢筋混凝土框架柱轴压比超限值。最后根据近31根轴压比超限的钢筋混凝土框架柱试验结果，回归出试验柱延性系数和极限位移角与配箍特征值和轴压比之间的计算公式，根据回归公式确定出轴压比超限的抗震框架柱箍筋加密区最小配箍特征值的建议值，建议值与新规范值吻合的较好。
关键词：框架柱；箍筋形式；配箍特征值；位移延性；轴压比超限
中图分类号：TU375.3　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0047-08

Seismic behavior of reinforced concrete frame columns with
excessive axial compression ratios

Zhang Guojun¹　 Lü Xilin¹　 Liu Boquan²
（1. Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 2. Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China）

Abstract: Discussions are presented on the relationships between the average, standard and design values of reinforcing steel bars, concrete, and stirrup parameters and axial compression ratios. A calculation formula is derived for the relationship between the limiting axial compression ratio for frame columns and the relative compression region height in sectional limit disruptive. From the test results of 26 columns subjected to constant axial load and horizontal low-frequency cyclic load with excessive axial compression ratios, we have analyzed the effects of axial compression ratio, stirrup parameters, geometry of section, concrete strength grade, shear span-to-depth ratio, etc., on the skeleton curves, hysteretic curves, ductility and limit drift ratios of the frame columns. Based on the test results, the limit values of axial compression ratio for reinforced concrete frame columns are proposed. Moreover, from the test results of 31 reinforced concrete frame columns, a regression formula is developed in terms of several parameters, namely, the ductility, limit drift ratio, axial compression ratio, and stirrup parameter. It was found that the proposed minimum stirrup parameters in the intensified stirrup region of seismic frame columns with excessive axial compression ratios are confirmed by using the regression formula, this is consistent with the new design code.
Keywords: frame column; stirrup arrangement; stirrup parameter; displacement ductility; excessive axial compression ratio
E-mail: zhgjxj@163.com

钢纤维高强混凝土轴拉性能试验研究

杨　 萌　 黄承逵
（大连理工大学，海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室结构分室，辽宁大连 116024）

摘要：完成了22组共110个钢纤维高强混凝土试件的轴拉试验。分析研究了钢纤维高强混凝土的轴拉强度和劈拉强度的关系，钢纤维高强混凝土轴拉性能随钢纤维体积掺量、基体强度及钢纤维类型的变化规律。给出了钢纤维高强混凝土轴拉应力-应变全曲线的数学模型，根据试验数据的回归分析确定了曲线相关的参数。研究成果对钢纤维高强混凝土在结构中的应用提供了依据。
关键词：钢纤维；高强混凝土；轴拉强度；劈拉强度；应力-应变全曲线；韧性
中图分类号：TU528.572　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0055-07

Study on stress-strain curve of high strength steel fiber
reinforced concrete under uniaxial tension

Yang Meng　 Huang Chengkui
（Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China）

Abstract: A total of 110 specimens have been tested and these specimens were divided into 22 groups according to the different combinations of cement strengths and steel fiber ratios. The main objective of the tests is to determine the relationship between the tensile strength and splitting strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete（SFRC）. The stress-strain responses of four types of steel fiber reinforced concrete under uniaxial tension were studied experimentally. In this paper, the mechanisms of reinforcing effect for different types of fibers were analyzed and the stress-strain curves of the specimens were obtained. Based on the test results, empirical equations for the tensile stress and strain relationships as affected by influential parameters are proposed for SFRC. These relationships could be used for references in construction.
Keywords: steel fiber; high strength concrete; tensile strength; splitting strength; stress-strain curve; toughness
E-mail: yangmeng@student.dlut.edu.cn

混凝土结构单向板与双向板区分界限的研究

李传才¹ 　 向贤华²　 张 欣³
（1. 武汉大学，武汉 430072；2. 铁道第四勘测设计院，武汉 430063；3. 中南电力设计院，武汉 430071）

摘要：梁板结构设计时一般按边长比等于2区分成单向板或双向板计算。这个区分界限是依据20世纪20年代德国学者Marcus H提出的十字交叉板带的简化模型分析的结果确定的。由于简化的模型不能精确的反映板的受力特征，不能反映荷载及内力沿板的两个方向的真实传递情况，因此用这种模型分析的结果确定的界限也是不确切的。本文应用弹性理论及其有限元方法，建立四边支承板的整板计算模型，分析其荷载和内力沿两个方向的传递和分配规律，从而说明以Marcus的板带法作为区分单双向板的界限存在的问题。以本文的分析结果作为依据，作者提出了区分单双向板的界限并对板的工程设计提出了具体的建议。
关键词：梁板结构；混凝土结构；有限单元法；弹性板
中图分类号：TU375.2　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0062-07

The criterion of distinguishing one-way and two-way concrete slabs

Li Chuancai¹　 Xiang Xianhua² Zhang Xin³
（1. Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; 2. The Fourth Survey and Design Institute of China Railway, Wuhan 430063, China; 3. Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute, Wuhan 430071, China）

Abstract: In designing rectangular concrete slabs supported on four sides, the ratio of the long-side length and the short-side length equal to 2 is used as the criterion to distinguish the design as one-way or two-way slab. This criterion is the result due to the cross slab strip analysis initiated by the German scholar H. Marcus, which could not precisely reflect the actual load transfer in the two directions, thus the criterion resulted is not accurate . This paper analyzed the load transfer in the long-side direction and the short-side direction of a slab support on all four sides by theory of elasticity and FEM, and proposed a criterion to distinguish the one-way and two-way slab design, besides making suggestions on slab design in general.
Keywords: beam-slab structure; concrete structure; FEM; elastic slab
E-mail: lichuancai@sina.com.cn

内填砌体的密肋复合墙体极限承载力计算

黄 炜^1，2　 姚谦峰²　 章宇明²　 吴永根²
（1. 西安交通大学，陕西西安 710049；2. 西安建筑科技大学，陕西西安 710055）

摘要：结合课题组前期的研究成果，就一种新型结构的主要受力构件——密肋复合墙体的极限承载力进行研究。建立了偏心受压和偏心受拉复合墙体斜截面受剪承载力计算公式，并就影响墙体斜截面受剪承载力的因素进行了讨论；建立了墙体正截面压弯、拉弯承载力实用计算公式，并给出了墙体最终发生弯、剪破坏模式的判定。理论研究与试验分析表明：依据极限平衡理论，采用理论与经验相结合建立起来的复合墙体斜截面受剪承载力计算公式和以应变平截面假定为基础，理论推导所得的复合墙体正截面承载力计算公式，具有一定的理论依据和实用价值，满足实际工程计算需要。
关键词: 密肋壁板结构；密肋复合墙体； 受剪承载力；正截面承载力
中图分类号: TU375　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号: 1000-131X（2006）03-0068-08

Calculation on ultimate bearing capacity of multi-ribbed
composite walls infilled with blocks

Huang Wei^1，2　 Yao Qianfeng²　Zhang Yuming² Wu Yonggen²
（1. Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China；
2. Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi’an 710055, China）

Abstract: Multi-ribbed composite wall is the main bearing member of a newly proposed structural system——a multi-ribbed panel structure. A study was performed on the ultimate bearing capacity of the multi-ribbed composite wall. From this study, equations for computing the shear resistance of the wall under eccentric compression and stretch was proposed and a discussion was given on the main factors that influence the oblique section shear capacity of the wall. Moreover, practical formulas for determination of the normal sections under both compressive and stretch-bending actions, also the mathematical relations for axial bearing capacity of the wall are established. In addition, a clear definition is given on the bending failure mode and the shear failure of the wall panels. According to the balance theory and from the fact that the theoretical analysis was supported by test results, we may conclude that the proposed formulas for both the oblique section shear capacity and normal section bending capacity are quite reasonable, thus useful for design applications.
Keywords: multi-ribbed panel structure; multi-ribbed composite wall; shear resistance capacity; normal section bearing capacity
E-mail: qqhuangwei2005@126.com

简支梁桥在车辆荷载谱作用下的动力分析

刘伯权　 黄　 华　 刘　 鸣
（长安大学，陕西西安 710061）

摘要：编制程序VLS（Vehicle Load Spectrum）构造随机车辆荷载谱，利用有限元方法将不同运行状态下的随机车辆荷载谱加载于简支T型钢筋混凝土梁桥上，模拟桥梁在车辆荷载通过时的动力响应，得出了桥梁的位移时间历程曲线，同时分析了车速对桥梁冲击系数的影响。分析表明:车辆荷载谱作用下桥梁偏载作用明显；车流方向对桥梁振动的影响不大；密集运营状态下桥梁挠度是一般运营状态下的1.35倍左右；车速对桥梁冲击系数的影响非常复杂，冲击系数曲线在车辆高速和低速时均有峰值出现，总体上呈波动上升趋势。
关键字：简支T型梁桥；车辆荷载谱；有限元；动力响应；冲击系数
中图分类号：U441+.3　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0076-06

Dynamic analysis of simply supported beam bridges under vehicle load spectrum

Liu Boquan　 Huang Hua　 Liu Ming
（Chang’an University，Xi’an 710061，China）

Abstract：The VLS（Vehicle Load Spectrum）program developed by the authors is employed to establish the random vehicle load spectrum. The finite element method is used to simulate the dynamic response of a simply supported reinforced concrete bridge，under the vehicle load spectrum. The time-displacement history of the bridge is obtained，and the effect of automobile speed on the dynamic coefficient is studied. The results indicate that under the vehicle load spectrum the effect of the non-symmetric load is obvious. Traffic flow direction has a mild effect on bridge vibration. The bridge deflection under heavy traffic is about 1.35 times that under regular traffic. Effect of the automobile speed on the dynamic coefficient is rather complex. The dynamic impact coefficient always has a peak value，regardless of the automobile speed，and it follows a fluctuating ascending trend.
Keywords：simply supported T-beam bridge；vehicle load spectrum；finite element；dynamic response；dynamic coefficient
E-mail：bqliu@chd.edu.cn

大跨度连续梁桥减隔震设计研究

郭 磊　 李建中　 范立础
（同济大学，上海 200092）

摘要：大跨度连续梁桥固定盆式支座在强震作用下往往会发生剪切破坏，如采用加强固定盆式支座的方法来强行保证其安全，将会使固定墩承受较大的地震力和塑性变形。针对这一现象，本文对大跨度连续梁桥的减隔震设计进行了探讨，提出将固定盆式支座改为活动盆式支座，并采用弹塑性减震耗能装置与其并联使用。文中结合一个工程实例，对这种方法的减震效果进行了分析。分析结果表明，在固定墩上采用活动盆式支座与弹塑性减震耗能装置并联，能够有效地减小固定墩所受的地震力，改善结构的抗震性能。
关键词：大跨度连续梁桥；减隔震设计；盆式支座；弹塑性减震耗能装置
中图分类号：U442.55　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0081-05

Research on seismic isolation design for long-span continuous bridges

Guo Lei Li Jianzhong Fan Lichu
（Tongji University，Shang Hai 200092，China）

Abstract: Fixed-pot bearing supports for long-span continuous bridges are often damaged in shear under strong earthquakes. However，if the fixed pot bearing is reinforced to ensure its safety，the bridge pier will suffer larger seismic load，thus results in plastic deformations. In this paper，the design on the use of seismic isolators for long-span continuous bridges is discussed，and a system of a sliding pot bearing combined with an elasto-plastic device in parallel is proposed to substitute the fixed pot bearing on the pier. The effectiveness of the proposed isolation system is illustrated by a bridge project. The test results show that the proposed system can indeed improve the seismic performance of the bridge，thus reduces the seismic load on the pier.
Keywords: long-span continuous bridge；seismic isolation design；pot bearing；elasto-plastic isolation device
E-mail：guoleitj@126.com

舟山桃夭门大桥钢与混凝土结合段模型试验研究

陈开利^1,2　 王戒躁²　 安群慧²
（1. 东北大学，沈阳 110004；2. 桥梁科学研究院，武汉 430034）

摘要：混合梁斜拉桥中结合段的连接形式是非常重要的构造。本论文结合桃夭门大桥，采用1∶2的缩尺，对结合段进行了模型试验研究，通过试验，研究了截面正应力分布规律、抗裂性，剪滞效应，应力的纵向传递、剪应力分布等，得到了许多有价值的试验数据，对实桥设计起到了很大的指导作用。
关键词：混合梁；结合段；斜拉桥；模型试验研究
中图分类号：U448.21+6；　 TU317+.1　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0086-05

Model tests on steel-concrete joining section of main girder of
a cable-stayed bridge

Chen Kaili¹　　Wang Jiezao²　 An Qunhui²
（1.Northeastern University，Shen yang 110004，China；2.Bridge Science Research Institute，Wu han 430034，China）

Abstract：Proper treatment of the joining sections of the main girders is one of the major concerns in the design of a cable-stayed bridge. In order to find an effective means of treatment，one must understand the detailed structural response of the joining sections when subjected to loading. This paper presents the model tests of the joining sections of the main girders of the Taoyaomen Bridge (a cable-stayed bridge) in Zhoushan，China. The model was in the scale of 1:2 in dimensions. In the experiments，distributions of normal sectional stresses，anti-cracking ability，shear lag effect and shear stress distributions were carefully measured and the test data were investigated. The findings from the tests were of guiding significance to the design of the bridge.
Keywords：joining sections；steel-concrete mixed girders；cable-stayed bridge；model tests
E-mail：bsrichkl@public.wh.hb.cn

斜拉桥拉索磁流变阻尼器减振技术的参数优化研究

胡建华^1,2　 王修勇¹ 　陈政清¹　 倪一清³
（1. 湖南大学，长沙 410082；2. 湖南省交通规划勘察设计院，长沙 410008；3. 香港理工大学，中国香港）

摘要：针对应用磁流变阻尼器控制斜拉桥拉索振动中参数优化这一关键问题，通过试验研究，建立了目前常用的RD-1005型磁流变阻尼器非线性双黏性模型，得到了基于输入电压、激振频率、振动幅值等参数的磁流变阻尼器等效黏性阻尼系数计算公式；然后提出了考虑拉索垂度、弯曲刚度和倾角等因素影响的黏性阻尼器拉索减振设计方法，修正了Pacheco的设计曲线；最后提出了磁流变阻尼器拉索减振的优化设计方法，并通过实桥试验得到验证。
关键词：斜拉桥; 拉索; 磁流变阻尼器; 振动控制
中图分类号：U441+.3　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0091-07

Parametric optimization for mitigating cable vibration
by using MR dampers on cable-stayed bridges

Hu Jianhua^1,2　Wang Xiuyong¹　Chen Zhengqing¹　Ni Yiqing³
（1.　Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China；2.　Hunan Provincial Communication Planning，Survey & Design Institute，Changsha 410008，China；3. Hong Kong Polytechnic University，Hong Kong，China）

Abstract：The method of parametric optimization is investigated for mitigating cable vibration by using magneto-rheological（MR）dampers on cable-stayed bridges. A series of tests are conducted，and a nonlinear bi-viscous model is developed for the RD-1005 MR damper made by Lord Corporation. An empirical formula of equivalent viscous coefficient is derived for the MR damper under different input voltages，exciting frequencies and displacement amplitudes. Taking account of the sag，bending stiffness and inclination angle of cables，the design method for mitigating cable vibration by using viscous dampers is studied，and the Pacheco’s design curve is revised based the new findings. Finally，an optimal design method is proposed for mitigating cable vibration by using MR dampers. Field test results show that the proposed method can be useful for bridge design.
Keywords：cable-stayed bridge；stay cable；magneto-rheological（MR）damper；vibration control
E-mail：xywang_cs@sina.com

预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的温度应力分析

张元海¹　 李　 乔²
(1. 兰州交通大学，甘肃兰州 730070；2. 西南交通大学，四川成都 610031)

摘要：针对新颁布的公路桥梁设计规范规定的日照温度梯度模式，推导了预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥的温度应力计算公式，编制了温度应力分析程序，分别按新、旧规范中的两种不同日照温度梯度模式分析了洺河大桥预应力混凝土四跨连续箱梁的温度应力。结果表明，按新规范中的梯度模式进行预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥设计，能使结构的抗裂性得到显著改善。实际设计时，应特别注意对主跨跨中截面进行持久状况正常使用极限状态的正截面抗裂性验算，也应注意验算中支点附近截面上靠近重心轴处的斜截面抗裂性；对静定结构，也应关注温度应力的影响。
关键词：连续梁桥；温度应力；有限单元法；非线性温度梯度
中图分类号：U441.5　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0098-05

Analysis of thermal stress for prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridges

Zhang Yuanhai¹　 Li Qiao²
（1. Lanzhou Jiaotong University，Lanzhou 730070，China；2. Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）

Abstract: According to the mode of solar thermal gradient provided in the newly promulgated specifications for highway bridge design，a formula of thermal stress was derived for prestressed concrete continuous box-girder bridges. Two types of thermal gradient modes in the current and the old（outdated）specifications were employed to analyze the thermal stresses for the bridge（or MINGHE Bridge in China）. The numerical results show that the bridge structure designed in accordance with the thermal gradient mode defined in the current specifications tends to possess higher failure resistance than that obtained by using the old specifications. In design of prestrssed concrete continuous box girder bridges，much attention should be paid to checking the fracture resistance of the bridge at mid-span normal sections and inclined sections near internal support under serviceability limit state in persisting situations. Furthermore，for statically determinate structures the effect of thermal stress should also be given serious consideration.
Keywords: continuous beam bridge；thermal stress；finite element method；nonlinear thermal gradient
E-mail：zyh17012@163.com

工程实践中发现的几个土工问题

陈愈炯
（中国水利水电科学研究院，北京 100044）

摘要：在简略介绍了在工程实践中发现的几个土工问题后，叙述了这些问题的发现和研究过程，采用的研究方法以及进行这类工作的体会。这几个问题是：土坝护坡的隆起；输水洞壁的黏结物; 土坝灌浆和（三轴）试样在卸荷时的体缩。
关键词：岩土新问题；岩土工程研究方法；对岩土工程师的要求
中图分类号：TU41　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0103-05

Some geotechnical problems discovered in engineering practice

Chen Yujiong
（China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research，Beijing 100044，China）

Abstract：Several geotechnical problems were uncovered during engineering practice and these problems are briefly described in the paper. These problems are：bulges on a hand placed slope protection of an earth dam；soil-like deposits on the inner wall of a conduit passing through an earth dam；fracture of grouting when sealing the cohesive fill of an earth dam；and volume contraction of a soil specimen in a consolidated and drained triaxial cell subjected to axial unloading. In the paper，a presentation is given on the research methodology to be adopted and the process of investigations for the aforementioned geotechnical problems.
Keywords：new geotechnical problems；research method in geotechnical engineering；requirement to geotechnical engineers
E-mail：joelchen2003@yahoo.com.cn

青藏铁路斜插式热管路基在不同倾斜
角度下冷却效果的数值模拟研究

杨永平^1,2　 周顺华¹ 　 魏庆朝²
（1.同济大学 道路与交通工程教育部重点试验室，上海 200331；2. 北京交通大学，北京 100044）

摘要：热管路基是青藏铁路最为广泛使用的主动保护多年冻土的措施之一。针对应用于青藏铁路多年冻土工程中的热管类型，考虑路基土体中水的相变问题，建立热管—土体—大气系统的物理、数学模型，并用有限单元中的Carlekin方法给出求解过程；推导出考虑全球气温升高时冻土中热管热流密度随时间的变化规律，采用有限单元数值分析方法，利用青藏铁路清水河的气象、地质资料，研究了热管路基在倾斜角度为0°、10°、20°、30°、45°、60°下对多年冻土的冷却效果及提高路基整体稳定性的作用，研究表明，青藏铁路热管路基的热管在坡脚埋设的倾斜角度为25°~30°时，对于路基中心、路肩及坡脚下多年冻土上限的抬升效果最佳，有利于保证路基的长期稳定性。
关键词：热管路基；青藏铁路；数值模拟；倾斜角度
中图分类号：TU413.6　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0108-06

Effect simulation of different declining angles of thermosyphons used
in Qinghai-Tibet railway permafrost embankment

Yang Yongping^1,2 Zhou Shunhua¹ Wei Qingchao²
（1. Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education，Tongji University，Shanghai 200331，China；2. Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China）

Abstract: Thermosyphon is one of the most widely used technologies in Qinghai-Tibet railway. Based on the used type of the thermosyphon in Qinghai-Tibet railway, a physical and mathematical model of environment-thermosyphon-soil system considering hydraulic phase change is introduced，which provides the solution procedure by Carlekin method and also derives a heat flux-time variation formula in permafrost soil under global warming condition. Using the real meteorologic and geologic data at Qing Shui He cooling effects on embankment ground and roles in the whole stability of embankment on Qinghai-Tibet railway with different declining angles of thermosyphon ( 0°,10°,20°,30°,45°,60°)，are studied. As a result,it is showed that when the thermosyphons laid along the slope toe with the declining angle 25°-30°,the promoted effect of permafrost table under embankments of center, shoulder and toe is the optimal.
Keywords: thermosyphon embankment；Qinghai-Tibet railway；simulation；declining angle
E-mail：godmindyyp@163.com

被动受荷桩成拱效应及三维数值分析

李忠诚　 杨　 敏
（同济大学，上海 200092）

摘要：采用三维有限差分法，分析了被动受荷桩的成拱效应。建立了三维数值分析模型，考虑不同桩间距，不同堆载大小和不同边界条件等情况下，被动受荷桩对土体侧向位移的遮拦效应。分析结果表明：土体的成拱效应和桩间距关系密切，在较小的桩间距条件下，土体成拱效应明显，桩的存在有效限制了土体的侧向变形；三维情况下被动受荷桩的成拱效应与二维情况下没有太大差别，但在其他条件相同时，二维情况下桩周土体的应力明显比三维大。
关键词：被动受荷桩；土拱效应；数值分析；有限差分法
中图分类号：TU473　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0114-04

Soil arching effect on passive piles and 3-D numerical analysis

Li Zhongcheng　 Yang Min
（Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China）

Abstract：Finite difference method is employed to analyze soil-arching effect on passive piles. Considering the influence on passive piles by various factors，such as pile space，loading，and boundary conditions，a 3-D numerical model was created to study the soil arching effect. The analysis results show that the pile space has a pronounced effect on soil arching. When the pile space is at a certain limiting value，the arching effect becomes apparent and the existence of passive piles can block the soil to deform in the lateral direction. Besides，there is no significant difference in analysis results whether one is to use 3-D or 2-D numerical model. However，when other conditions remain the same，stresses in soil around piles calculated from the 2-D model appear to be greater than those obtained from a 3-D model.
Keywords：passive pile；soil arching effect；numerical analysis；finite difference method
E-mail：Lzenc@163.com

广州地铁砂土层液化判别

陈文化　 张　 弥
（北京交通大学，北京 100044）

摘要：在广州地铁工程砂土地震液化判别过程中，考虑了地铁结构与液化土层的相互作用。通过大量的现场实验、室内动三轴实验，总结了水平场地、区间、车站土层液化分布情况和液化特点；为了提高液化判别精度，进一步详细地对比和检验了现场和室内的判别结果，分析了液化土层与结构的空间相对位置以及结构对液化势的影响，所采用的多参数和多手段的液化判别技术为合理的抗液化设计提供帮助。
关键词：广州地铁；砂土；地震液化判别
中图分类号：TU411.8　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0118-05

Evaluation of seismic liquefaction of sandy soils for
Guangzhou metro

Chen Wenhua　 Zhang Mi
(Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China)

Abstract: In the process of evaluating seismic liquefaction of sandy soils for Guangzhou metro，the interactions between metro structures and soils are considered，and the distribution and characteristics of liquefactions are studied through numerous in-situ tests and tri-axial dynamic laboratory tests for soil layers in level greenfield，under metro running tunnel sections and stations, respectively. In order to improve the accuracy of the evaluation，results from in-situ tests and laboratory tests are compared，and the influence of structures on the potential of liquefaction is studied. The multi-parameter and multi-tool approach employed in this study may help improve the rational evaluation of seismic liquefaction of soils for metro constructions.
Keywords: Guangzhou metro；sandy soils；seismic liquefaction evaluation
E-mail：whchen@center.njtu.edu.cn

业主对工程项目安全绩效影响的定量研究

章　 鑫¹　 黄贻平²　 方东平¹
（1. 清华大学，北京 100084；2. 上海应用技术学院，上海 200233 ）

摘要：工程项目安全绩效的提高需要项目参与各方——项目业主、总承包商、分包商和设计单位等的共同努力。我国当前的建筑市场是买方市场，处于强势地位的业主有能力对项目各方面产生较大影响。本文通过对上海地区55个工程项目进行的问卷调查，采用非参数统计方法分析了业主的各种不同安全态度及措施对项目安全绩效影响的显著性，获得了可以认为业主能够显著影响项目安全绩效的8项态度和措施并对其进行了分析和总结。
关键词：业主；工程项目；安全绩效；非参数统计方法
中图分类号：TU71　 X92　　　　　 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2006）03-0123-06

The owner’s impact on safety perpormance of construction projbct：
a quantitative study

Zhang Xin¹ Huang Yiping² Fang Dongping¹
(1. Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China；2. Shanghai Institute of Technology，Shanghai 200233，China)

Abstract：Improved safety performances of construction projects require the cooperative endeavors of different parties involved in construction industry，including the project owner，general contractor，subcontractor，A/E firm，etc. The owner，generally the initiator and sponsor of a project，may have greater influence on a project’s safety than any other participants through personal commitment and participation. This study demonstrates a profile of the present owner’s impact on project safety performances of projects in Shanghai region，China. A set of questionnaires were designed and the questions consist of four major parts: general conditions of a project，owner’s influential factors，safety effectiveness, and interviewees’profiles. 55 contractors were surveyed for the attitudes and behaviors of their clients on project safety. The answered questionnaires were then analyzed and studied by using a non-parametric statistical method to determine the effectiveness of the owner’s attitudes and behaviors on safety performance of construction projects. It was concluded that 8 specific attitudes and behaviors of the owner are effective to improve the safety performance of a construction project.
Keywords：owner；construction project；safety performance；non-parametric statistical method
E-mail：zhang-xinoo@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn