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2005年9月摘要
带转换层型钢混凝土框架-核心筒结构模型拟静力试验对抗震设计的启示
徐培福 薛彦涛 肖从真 王翠坤
（中国建筑科学研究院，北京 100013）
摘要：介绍一个30层带转换层型钢混凝土框架-核心筒结构拟静力试验的理论分析结果，并研讨这
种结构体系抗震设计的几个关键技术问题，包括：结构因柱和剪力墙拉断造成的整体倾覆破坏模式、框架及核心筒的双重抗震作用及所承受的剪力、倾覆力矩、轴力的调整分配、结构的变形控制、抗震能力设计法遇到的结构设计不尽合理的问题。阐述了高宽比较大的框架－核心筒结构按中震弹性或中震不屈服的性能水准设计的优越性。
关键词：高层建筑结构；钢-混凝土混合结构；框架-核心筒结构；带转换层结构；拟静力试验
中图分类号：TU973
文献标识码：A
文章编号： 1000131X(2005)09000108
SEISMIC DESIGN CONCEPT FROM A PSEUDO
STATIC
TEST OF STEEL REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME
CORE WALL STRUCTURE MODEL
WITH TRANSFER FLOOR
Xu Peifu Xue Yantao Xiao Congzhen Wang
Cuikun
(China Academy of Building Research,Beijing
100013,China)
Abstract:Analysis results of pseudostatic test
of a 30 storied steel reinforced concrete frame core wall structure
model with transfer floor are presented. Aspects on seismic design
of this type of structure are discussed,including overturning
failure mode caused by tensile break of columns and shear walls,
distribution of the axial force,the shear force and the overturning
moment in duel structure with frame and core wall as well as
criteria of controlling drift in seismic design. Disadvantages of
capacity design method in current design code,which may cause
structure design not reasonable enough in some cases,are studied.
Design method using combination of moderate earthquake action and
vertical load is suggested, and the advantages of this method
compared with design method using serviceability earthquake action
in current design code are
discussed.
Keywords:tall building; steel
concrete hybrid structure; frame core wall structure; transfer
floor; pseudostatic test
钢管混凝土核心柱轴压组合性能分析
聂建国1 柏 宇1 李盛勇2 赵
洁1 Yan Xiao3
（1清华大学，北京
100084；2广州容柏生建筑工程设计事务所，广东 广州 510170；
3University of Southern
California,Los Angeles,CA 90089,USA）
摘要：对于钢管混凝土核心柱，核心钢管混凝土和外围普通混凝土的受压性能存在明显差异，本文分析了外围混凝土体积配箍率等因素对柱协同工作的影响，推导出了临界状态时外围混凝土柱的配箍率，并与试验值进行对比，吻合良好。
关键词：钢管混凝土柱核心柱；体积配箍率；约束指标
中图分类号：TU375
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000131X(2005)0900905
ANALYSES ON COMPOSITE COLUMN WITH INSIDE
CONCRETE FILLED STEEL
TUBE UNDER AXIAL COMPRESSION
Nie Jianguo1 Bai Yu1 Li
Shengyong2 Zhao Jie1 Yan Xiao3
1Tsinghua
University，Beijing 100084，China；
2RBS Architectural Engineering
Design Associates，Guangzhou 510170,China；
3University of
Southern California，Los Angeles,CA90089,USA）
Abstract：A composite column with inside concrete
filled steel tube may have advantages over either pure steel or
reinforced concrete columns, with the inner concrete enhancing the
stability , the tube confining the concrete core to a triaxial
stress state, and the outer concrete protecting the steel tube from
high temperature, corrosion, etc. But the reaction to axial
compressive load is different between reinforced concrete column and
column with inside concrete filled steel tube .This paper presents
analyses of the influences of the transverse reinforcement ratio on
the function of the composite column. The transverse reinforcement
ratio in critical state is derived , and found to be in good
agreement with test data.
Keywords:concrete
filled steel tube composite column; transverse reinforcement ratio;
confinement index
混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型研究Ⅰ基本公式
李 杰1 吴建营1,2
（1同济大学，上海
200092； 2华南理工大学，广州 510640）
摘要：从分析混凝土材料的基本损伤机制出发，本文采用受拉损伤变量和受剪损伤变量反映微观损伤对混凝土材料宏观力学性能劣化的影响，建议了一类基于能量的弹塑性损伤本构模型。该模型基于有效应力张量分解定义材料的弹性Helmholtz自由能，并根据有效应力空间塑性力学确定了塑性变形的演化法则和塑性Helmholtz自由能。由此给出了材料的总Helmholtz自由能和弹塑性损伤能释放率，建立了符合热动力学基本原理的损伤准则，并根据正交法则得到了损伤变量的演化法则。对Kupfer双轴试验的数值模拟结果初步说明了模型的有效性。文中涉及到的数值算法及进一步的试验验证将在本文第Ⅱ部分给出。
关键词：混凝土；损伤力学；损伤变量；本构模型
中图分类号：TU313
文献标识码：A
文章编号： 1000131X(2005)09001407
ELASTOPLASTIC DAMAGE CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR
CONCRETE BASED ON
DAMAGE ENERGY RELEASE RATES, PART I:BASIC
FORMULATIONS
Li Jie1 Wu
JianYing1，2
(1Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,
China；
2South China University of
Technology,Guangzhou,510640，China)
Abstract：In this paper,starting from an analysis
of basic damage mechanisms leading to the failure of concrete
materials,a tensile damage variable and a shear damage variable are
adopted to describe the influence of micro-defects on the degrading
of macromechanical properties. Based on the decomposition of the
effective stress tensor, the elastic Helmhotlz free energy is
defined, from which the elastoplastic damage constitutive relation
with internal variables is derived,and based on the effective stress
space plasticity,the evolution law for the plast ic strains and the
plastic Helmhotlz free energy are determined.The total elastoplastic
Helmhotlz free energy and the damage energy release rates are
employed to establish the damage criteria in accordance with the
thermodynamics principle,and the evolution laws for damage variables
are established in accordance with the normal rule.Finally, the
model is applied to simulate the tests of Kupfer et al. The
agreement between the predictive results and the test data shows the
correctness and validity of the present model. The numerical
algorithm and further verifications of the model are provided in
Part Ⅱ of this paper
series.
Keywords：concrete；damage
mechanics；damage variable；constitutive model
混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型研究Ⅱ
数值计算和试验验证
吴建营1,2 李 杰1
(1同济大学，上海
200092；2华南理工大学，广州 510640)
摘要：针对建议的基于能量的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型，将损伤演化和塑性变形解耦，本文建立了模型的弹性预测－塑性修正－损伤修正数值分析框架，给出了无条件稳定的应力更新算法和相应的算法一致性切线模量。在弹性预测－塑性修正过程中，利用谱分解回映算法建立了塑性流动因子和硬化参数的统一迭代格式，减小了有效应力更新的计算量。根据上述数值算法，编制非线性有限元分析程序，对单调和低周反复荷载作用下的混凝土材料和结构试验进行数值模拟，分析结果表明建议的弹塑性损伤本构模型可以较好地描述混凝土材料的典型非线性行为，其数值方法是有效的，为进一步的结构非线性分析应用奠定了基础。
关键词：混凝土；非线性分析；本构模型；回映算法；后退欧拉法
中图分类号：TU313
文献标识码：A
文章编号： 1000131X(2005)09002107〖HT〗
ELASTOPLASTIC DAMAGE CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR
CONCRETE BASED ON DAMAGE ENERGY
RELEASE RATES,PART Ⅱ:NUMERICAL
ALGORITHM AND VERIFICATIONS
Wu JianYing1,2 Li
Jie1
(1Tongji University,Shanghai
200092，China；
2South China University of Technology,Guangzhou
510640，China)
Abstract:With regard to the energy based
elastoplastic damage model presented in the previous paper,by
decoupling plastic strains and damage evolutions,the three step
numerical framework,i.e.,elastic predictor plastic corrector damage
corrector,and the algorithm for updating the stress and the
corresponding algorithm consistent tangent modulus,are provided in
this paper.In the procedure of updating the effective stress,the
unified Newton Raphson iterative formulation of the plastic
consistent parameter and the hardening parameters is established by
using spectral decomposition in the effective stresses space.In
accordance with the above algorithm,a nonlinear finite element
analysis program is developed,and tests of concrete under monotonic
and cyclic loadings are simulated.The predictive results show that
the suggested model and corresponding algorithm can describe the
typical nonlinear behaviors of concrete
materials.
Keywords:concrete；nonlinear
analysis；constitutive model；return mapping algorithm；backward Euler
method
刚架—斜压杆模型在密肋复合墙板力学分析中的应用
关海涛1 王 俊2
黄鼎业1
(1同济大学，上海 200092；2中国建筑科学研究院，北京 100013)
摘要：通过对14榀不同形式的密肋复合墙板试件进行水平低周反复加载、水平单调加载以及竖向单调加载试验，研究了墙板的受力特点与破坏模式以及墙板中肋梁、肋柱与填充砌块的共同工作性能。应用刚架—斜压杆简化计算模型对影响密肋复合墙板受力特点与破坏模式的主要因素进行了研究。不同算例的分析结果表明复合墙板的剪跨比、轴压比与框格的划分形式对其受力特点具有较显著的影响；外框架、肋柱和肋梁以及填充砌块对于复合墙板的受力性能分别起不同作用。
关键词：密肋复合墙板；简化计算模型；刚架—斜压杆模型
中图分类号：TU3754
文献标识码：A
文章编号： 1000131X(2005)09002804
APPLICATION OF A SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL MODEL
OF RIGID FRAME WITH
DIAGONAL STRUT FOR ANALYSIS OF MULTIRIBBED
WALL SLABS
Guan Haitao1 Wang Jun2 Huang
Dingye1
(1Tongji University，Shanghai 200092，China;
2China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China)
Abstract:Fourteen specimens of multi-ribbed wall
slabs were tested under low-frequency cyclic lateral
loading,horizontal and vertical monotonously increasing loading.The
mechanical properties and failure modes of the wall slab and the
interactive behavior between the infilling coal ash blocks and the
reinforced ribs were analyzed,based on the experimental study.A
simplified mathematical model of rigid frame with diagonal strut was
employed to analyze the main factors which influence the mechanical
properties and failure modes of the multiribbed wall slab. The
results show that shear span ratio, axial compression ratio and the
arrangement of the reinforced ribs have significant effects on the
wall slab's mechanical properties; and the outer frame, the
reinforced ribs and the infilling coal ash blocks have different
effects on the mechanical performance of the wall
slab,respectively.
Keywords:multi-ribbed wall
slab;simplified mathematical model;model of rigid frame with
diagonal strut
碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的疲劳性能试验研究
刘沐宇 李开兵
（武汉理工大学，湖北 武汉 430070）
摘要：本文进行了碳纤维布加固混凝土梁（包括损伤混凝土梁）的疲劳性能试验研究。试验表明：粘贴碳纤维布后混凝土梁的疲劳寿命可提高60%～80%，混凝土梁的疲劳变形减少了40%～60%，混凝土梁的疲劳抗裂性能得到较大提高。因此，粘贴碳纤维布是提高混凝土梁疲劳性能的有效方法，可用于延长损伤混凝土结构的使用寿命。
关键词：碳纤维；结构加固；疲劳试验；钢筋混凝土梁
中图分类号：TU37794
文献标识码：A
文章编号： 1000131X(2005)09003205
FATIGUE PERFORMANCE OF RC BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH
CFRPSHEETS
Liu Muyu Li Kaibing
(Wuhan University of
Technology，Wuhan 430070,China)
Abstract: This paper presents the fatigue
performance of RC beamsstrengthened with carbonfiberreinforced
lastic sheets (CFRP-sheets) by conducting fatigue test on five RC
beams, including three normal RC beams and two damaged RC beams.It
is shown that the fatigue life of RC beams strengthened with CFRP
sheets is prolonged by 60%～80%,the fatigue deformation is decreased
by 40%～60%,and the anti crack property is much improved,all of which
have a great significance for structures in corrosive
environment.The CFRP sheet is effective for the improvement of
fatigue performance of RC beams.
Keywords:CFRP;carbon fiber reinforced
plastic;fatigue test;reinforced concrete beam
多向侧压下混凝土受拉变幅疲劳试验及损伤研究
杨健辉1,3 赵东拂2,3
宋玉普3 邹小理1
(1武汉工业学院，武汉
430023；2北京建筑工程学院，北京 100044；3大连理工大学，大连 116023)
摘要：进行了混凝土分别在单、双向侧压作用下受拉变幅疲劳试验，得到了疲劳寿命和残余应变。根据循环应力－应变关系曲线定义了疲劳变形模量，利用疲劳变形模量比与循环次数关系，建立了损伤模型，并依据这一模型对损伤进行了估计和对剩余疲劳寿命进行了预测，结果是比较满意。
关键词：混凝土；疲劳；损伤；疲劳变形模量；侧压；受拉
中图分类号：TU 5281 O3465 文献标示码：A
文章编号：1000131X(2005)09003709
A STUDY ON VARIABLE AMPLITUDE FATIGUE TEST AND
DAMAGE OF CONCRETE IN TENSION AND UNDER MULTILATERAL
PRESSURES
Yang Jianhui1,3 Zhao
Dongfu2,3 Song Yupu3 Zou
Xiaoli1
(1Wuhan Polytech Univ, Wuhan 430023,
China； 2 Beijing Inst of civil Eng and Arch, Bijing
100044,China； 3Dalian Univ of Technol, Dalian 116023,China)
Abstract: Variable-amplitude fatigue tests for
concrete in tension under single and bi-lateral pressures are
conducted. Consequently, the fatigue life and residual strain are
obtained. Fatigue deformation modulus is defined on the basis of
cyclic stresstrain curve. A damage model is established through the
relationship between the ratios of fatigue deformation modulus and
the number of cycles.According to this model, fatigue damage degree
and residual fatigue life are evaluated. The calculation results are
satisfactory.
Keywords:
concrete;fatigue;damage;fatigue deformation modulus;lateral
pressure;tension
地震作用下砌体结构倒塌反应的数值模拟计算分析
苗吉军 顾祥林 张伟平 彭 斌
（青岛理工大学，山东 青岛 266033）（同济大学，上海
200092）
摘要：建立了能反映砌体结构出平面破坏的三维空间刚体离散单元模型，并编制了计算机仿真程序，模拟了地震作用下砌体结构的倒塌反应，模拟结果和振动台试验结果比较，效果良好。
关键词：离散单元法；砌体结构；倒塌分析；数值模拟
中图分类号：TU3521+2 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1000131X(2005)09004508
NUMERICAL SIMULATION ANALYSIS FOR THE COLLAPSE
RESPONSE OF
MASONRY STRUCTURES UNDER EARTHQUAKES
Miao JiJun Gu XiangLin Zhang WeiPing Peng
Bin（Qingdao Technological University,Qingdao 266033,China）(Tongji
University,Shanghai 200092,China)
Abstract: In this paper,the discrete element
method (DEM), is emplo yed for the first time to perform masonry
structural analysis under dynamic loading.A 3-dimentinal model is
established to simulate the failure.The computer pr ogram developed
can simulate the collapse responses of the masonry structures un der
earthquakes. The simulation results are in good agreement with the
shaking table test data for a masonry structural
model.
Keywords: discrete element method；masonry
structure；collapse resp onse；numerical simulation
钢筋混凝土框架结构基于位移的抗震设计方法研究
梁兴文1 黄雅捷2
杨其伟3
（1西安建筑科技大学，陕西 西安 710055；2上海市政工程设计研究院，上海
200092；3北方工业大学，北京 100041）
摘要：根据钢筋混凝土框架结构的特点，将其性能划分为使用良好、人身安全和防止倒塌三个水平，并用层间位移角限值予以量化；用作用倒三角形水平分布荷载的等截面悬臂柱的侧移曲线作为框架结构的初始侧移模式。在此基础上，将多自由度体系转化为等效单自由度体系，导出了相应的等效参数。结构的目标位移根据其性能水平确定，并用假定的侧移模式给予修正。在等效线性化的前提下，由等效位移用弹性位移反应谱求出等效周期，然后对结构构件进行刚度设计和承载力设计。最后用静力弹塑性分析方法对结构进行分析，校核结构的侧移形状与初始侧移模式是否一致，并用推覆至相应性能水平时的侧移曲线作为修正后的侧移曲线重新计算。算例分析表明，本文方法简单实用，便于操作，而且能够控制结构在不同强度水准地震作用下的性能。
关键词：钢筋混凝土框架结构；基于位移的抗震设计；侧移模式
中图分类号：TU318 文献标识码：A
文章编号： 1000131X(2005)09005308
DISPLACEMENTBASED SEISMIC DESIGN METHOD OF RC
FRAMES
Liang Xingwen1 Huang Yajie2
Yang Qiwei3
(1Civil Engineering Institute，Xi'an
University of Architecture and Technology，Xi
'an 710055,China；
2Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute,Shanghai
200092，China；
3North University of Technology,Beijing
100041,China)
Abstract: According to the characteristics of RC
frames, its seismic performance is divided into three
levels:serviceability,life-safety, and collapse protection.The three
levels are quantified with storey drift ratios.Applying the inverted
triangular distribution of lateral force to the cantilever column of
identical section,and the displaced shape of the column is regarded
as the initial mode of lateral displacement.The
multi-degree-of-freedom system is transformed into an effective
single-degree-of-freedom system,and the corresponding equivalent
parameters are derived.The target displacement is determined
according to the corresponding performance level,and the lateral
displacementcurve is modified by the assumed lateral displacement
mode.Based on equivalent linearization,the equivalent period is
determined by using the elastic displacement response spectra,and
then the structural members are designed.The buildingsre analyzed by
using a static elastoplastic analysis method,if the calculated
significantly different from drift curve is the initial assume
shape,then take the pushover drift curve as the modifying drift
shape and calculate again.It is demonstrated the method is accurate
enough to be comployed inbuilding evaluation and
design.
Keywords:RC frame;performance based
seismic design;lateral displacement mode
RC高层建筑超长结构屋盖温度场的理论分析
顾渭建1 张兴彦2
张鏖1
（1总参工程兵第四设计研究院，北京 100850；2天津大学，天津 300222）
摘要：根据钢筋混凝土高层建筑超长结构无缝设计的特点，对其意义和主要技术难点进行了，提出了一维非稳态温度场的分析模型，并进行了实际工程的屋盖温度场的数值计算，计算结果表明，性能可靠的保温隔热材料的正确使用和其他建筑物裂缝控制技术措施的有效实施和保证，建筑物超长无缝设计的结构裂缝问题是可以得到控制的。
关键词：超长建筑；无缝设计；温度；屋盖；裂缝控制
中图分类号：TU323 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1000131X(2005)09006109
A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEMPERATURE FIELD
FOR OVERLONGJOINTLESS ROOFSTRUCTURE OF RC HIGHRISE BUILDINGS
Gu Weijian1 Zhang Xingyan2
Zhang Ao1
(1The 4th Engineering Design & Research
Academy General StaffPLABeijing 100850，China；2Tianjin
University，Tianjin 300222，China)
Abstract: According to the characteristics of
overlong jointless structural design for RC high rise buildings,an
analytical model for onedimension non steady-state temperature field
is proposed,and a numerical analysis of the roof temperature field
for a real project is carried out.The calculation results indicate
that cracking of structures could be controlled for the overlong
jointless roof of the high rise building,through the correct usage
of heat-preserving and insulating materials and effective
implementation of other technical measurement for cracking
control.
Keywords: overlong building;jointless
design;temperature;roof;crack control
高层建筑火灾网络模拟
谢旭阳1 周心权2 任爱珠3
邓云峰1
（1中国安全生产科学研究院，北京 100029；2中国矿业大学北京校区，北京
100083；3清华大学，北京 100084）
摘要：高层建筑防灭火以及人员疏散的正确决策，关键在于对灾变条件下高层建筑中风流参数变化的正确预测，特别是在采取一定的风流控制措施之后各通道内风量、风向、烟流蔓延范围、烟气浓度变化等参数的预测。论文全面地介绍了全风网网络模拟软件HRBFS的基本原理、组成部分、软件特点、系统的结构以及需要输入的数据等。模拟软件可以有效地校验消防四大系统的设计和运行，并能为消防决策和建筑火灾事故分析提供有力的依据。
关键词：高层建筑火灾；网络模拟；消防决策
中图分类号：TU972+4
文献标识码：A
文章编号： 1000131X(2005)09006806
NETWORK SIMULATION OF HIGH RISE BUILDING FIRE
Xie Xuyang1 Zhou Xinquan2 Ren
Aizhu3 Deng Yunfeng1
（1China Academy of
Safety Science & Technology Institute of Resource and
Safety,Beijing 100029,China； 2China University of Mining
Technology，Beijing 100083,China；
3Tsinghua University，Beijing
100084,China）
Abstract: The right decision of fire prevention
and suppression,personnel evacuation in high-rise building fire
depends on right forecast of the veriations smoke parameters in a
building,especially parameters such as(airflow quantity and
direction,smoke spread area and smoke concentration)in corridors
atan early stage and after smoke istics control measures leeing
taken.The paper introduces the basic
theory,component,character,framework and necessary data of the
HRBFS.Simulator,a powerful tool for design,verification of fire
system,decisionmaking and fire accident
analysis.
Keywords: high rise building
fire;network simulation;steady simulation;non steady simulation
BOTDR检测钢筋混凝土梁分布式应变的试验研究
高俊启1 施 斌1 张 巍1 张
丹1 朱 虹2
（1南京大学，江苏 南京 210093； 2东南大学，江苏 南京
210096）
摘要：为了验证基于布里渊光时域反射计（简称BOTDR）的光纤传感技术应用于桥梁健康监测的可行性，本文在钢筋混凝土简支梁的钢筋和混凝土表面布置了分布式光纤传感系统，对各级荷载作用下构件混凝土和钢筋的应变分布进行了在线监测。试验结果表明，BOTDR光纤传感技术能够准确监测试验梁的应变，并可识别梁的结构性破坏，可以应用于桥梁的健康监测。
关键词：BOTDR；分布式应变；光纤传感；钢筋混凝土梁；健康监测 中图分类号：TP212 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
1000131X(2005)09007406
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR MEASURING THE
DISTRIBUTED STRAIN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM USING BOTDR
Gao Junqi1 Shi Bin1 Zhang
Wei1 Zhang Dan1 Zhu Hong2
(1
Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;
2 Southeast
University,Nanjing 210096,China)
Abstract： In order to verify the feasibility of
BOTDR (Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer) in the
application of bridge health monitoring, an optical fiber system
using BOTDR was placed on the reinforced concrete beam. The strains
in the beam were measured continuously along the sensing fibers
bonded to the steel bars and attached on the concrete surface.
Experimental results show that BOTDR can besuccessfully employed to
measure the distributed strains in the bridge, and thestructural
damage can be correctly identified. BOTDR is fully applicuble to
bridge health monitoring.
Keywords:
BOTDR；distributed strain；sensing fiber；reinforced concrete
beam；health monitoring
检测混凝土质量缺陷的雷达方法
谢慧才 叶良应 徐茂辉
（汕头大学，广东 汕头 515063）
摘要：本文采用透视雷达对混凝土结构中孔洞和裂缝等缺陷进行了探测。结果表明，用雷达法探测这类缺陷是一种极为有效的方法。雷达图像识别的依据主要是不同物体的雷达反射波在图像上会显示出不同的特征。本文通过试验模拟，对雷达反射波信号进行了2D切片分析和3D透视成像处理，在一定程度上克服了表面波等外界因素的干扰。分析结果表明，更清晰地得到了孔洞和裂缝的位置，进一步提高了图像解释的准确度。
关键词：混凝土缺陷；雷达探测；二维成像；三维透视
中图分类号：TU755 7 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1000 131X(2005)090080 06
ASSESSMENT OF DEFECTS IN CONCRETE WITH GROUND
PROBING RADAR
Xie Huicai Ye Liangying Xu Maohui
(Shantou
University，Shantou 515063，China)
Abstract：Ground Probing Radar(GPR) method for
non-destructive test of defects in concreteis described in this
paper. The defects include various voids and cracks. The
experimental results show that GPR is a promising technique for this
application.The abnormality can be identified by the different
characteristics of the reflected radar waves from various objects.
The data has been processed by using the technique of 2D and 3D
imaging in this simulation experiment. The results show that the
technique can diminish the disturbances of surface waves and other
external factors.The experimental results show that the positions of
voids and cracks canbe more accurately identified.And the images can
be more accurately analyzed.
Keywords: defects
in concrete；radar testing；2D image；3D image
响应分布的线性化预测及矩信息的作用研究
李大望1 霍 达2
蒋晓东1
（1郑州大学,河南郑州450002;2北京工业大学,北京100022）
摘要：以Duffing系统为例，探讨了非线性恢复力系统稳态随机响应线性化概率分布预测及矩信息的作用问题。分析了几种等效线性化方法及其解析解的精度。结果表明：采用线性化模型，仅利用已知方差信息的预测精度最高，线性化模型在一定程度上限制了信息的作用；存在一个体现系统线性因素影响力的综合指标，该指标越大，线性化模型预测精度越高。
关键词： Duffing系统；等效线性化；概率分布；矩信息 中图分类号：P3159；O324
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000131X(2005)09008603
LINEARIZATION PREDICTION OF RESPONSE
DISTRIBUTION ANDSTUDY ON EFFECTS OF INFORMATION MOMENTS
Li Dawang1 Huo Da2 Jiang
Xiaodong1
（1.Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou
450001,China;
2.Beijing Polytechnic University,Beijing
100022,China）
Abstract: Based on Duffing systems, the
linearization prediction of the steady state random response of non
linear restoring force systems and the effects of information of
moments are studied. Some eguivalent methods of linearization and
the precision of their analytical solutions are analyzed. The
results indicate that adopting linearization models and using the
known variance information only, the prediction precision is the
highest; to a certain extent, linearization models restrict the
available actions of information; there is a composite index that
embodies the consequence of systematic linear factors, the bigger is
the index value, the higher is the prediction precision of
linearization models.
Keywords: Duffing
system；equivalent linearization； probability distribution；
information of moments
钢纤维混凝土框架节点抗剪承载力的试验研究与机理分析
郑七振 魏 林
（上海理工大学，上海 200093）
摘要：通过对9个钢纤维混凝土框架边节点的试验，研究了此类节点的破坏过程与破坏特点，提出了节点核心区抗剪计算的“双剪压”受力机理模式。探讨了节点区域箍筋与钢纤维在抗剪计算中的协调受力问题，指出配有抗剪箍筋的钢纤维混凝土框架节点中，应对钢纤维承担的剪力予以折减。并在此基础上给出了节点抗剪强度的计算公式，本文所提出公式的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。
关键词：钢纤维混凝土；框架节点；剪压面；抗剪强度
中图分类号：TU3754
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000131X(2005)09008905
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND MECHANISM ANALYSIS OF THE
SHEAR CAPACITY OF STEEL FIBER CONCRETE FRAME JOINTS
Zheng Qizhen Wei Lin
(University of shanghai for
science and technology，Shanghai 200093,China)
Abstract： Based on experiments on 9 edge joints
of steel fiber concrete frames, the failure process and
characteristics of the joints are studied, and a mechanism model of
“dual shear-compression region” in the core area af joints for shear
capacity calculation is presented. This paper also discusses the
problem that the stirrups and steel fibers work together in the
joints area. Considering the vertical stirrups in SFC frame joints,
the portion of shear beared by the steel fiber should be reduced.A
shear capacity formula forthese joints is presented,and the
caleulation results are in good agreement with test
data.
Keywords: steel fiber concrete；frame
joint；shear-compression region；shearing strenth
芜湖长江大桥板桁组合结构斜拉桥建造技术
秦顺全
(中铁大桥局集团公司，湖北武汉 430050)
摘要：芜湖长江大桥是一座跨越长江的公路、铁路两用大桥。为综合解决长江航道，净空限制和满足公路、铁路行车条件，首次采用大跨度低塔斜拉桥板桁组合结构。为解决设计和建设过程中的关键技术问题，进行了荷载，刚度标准，材料，焊接标准和结构构造等方面的系统研究。本文对这些研究成果作了简要介绍。
关键词：长江大桥；低塔斜拉桥；板桁组合结构；结合板；合龙；弹模比
中图分类号：U448 21 ＋6 U448 27
文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000 0131X(2005)09 0094 05
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF COMPOSITE PLATE TRUSS
STRUCTURE FOR THE CABLE STAYED WUHU YANGTZE RIVER BRIDGE
Qin Shunquan
(China Railway Major Bridge
Engineering Group Co,Ltd，WuHan 430050，China)
Abstract: The Wuhu Yangtze River railcumroad
bridge is the first platetruss composite cable stayed bridge of
large span and low tower to synthetically consider the offects of
navigation, limit of clearance, traveling conditions of the road and
the railway. Systematic studies on load, stiffness,materials,
welding standard, structure and so on have been conducted to solve
the key technical problems during the course of design and
construction. This paper gives a brief introduction to the major
achievements of these studies.
Keywords:Yangtze
River Bridge；cable stayed bridge with low towers；composite structure
of plate truss；composite plate；closure；elastic modulus ratio
关于基坑工程的几点思考
龚晓南
(浙江大学，浙江杭州 310027）
摘要：文中讨论了基坑围护设计中土压力的合理选用，坑外卸土和坑中坑对基坑围护稳定和变形的影响，基坑围护的主要矛盾和围护型式的合理选用，土钉支护的临界高度和复合土钉支护有关问题，基坑工程设计与施工组织设计，基坑工程环境效应与按变形控制设计，关于基坑工程规范和基坑工程设计计算机软件等方面的问题。
关键词：土压力；基坑围护；土钉支护和复合土钉支护；环境效应；基坑工程-
中图分类号： TU473 2
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000131X(2005)09009905
CONSIDERATIONS ON FOUNDATION PIT
ENGINEERING
Gong Xiaonan
(ZheJiang University，Hangzhou
310027,China)
Abstract: In this paper，the following problems
in foundation pit engineering are studied: the rational
determination of earth pressure in the design of bracing of
foundation pit, the major problems in the design of bracing of
foundation pit and the rational design of bracing of foundation pit,
the effect of soil removal from outside of bracing and pit in
foundation pit on the stability and deformation of foundation pit,
the critical height of soil nailing and issnes about composite soil
nailing, the design of bracing of foundation pit and the
construction of foundation pit, the environmental effect of
foundation pit engineering and design of bracing of foundation pit
based on deformation controd, the code of foundation pit engineering
and application of design softwares of foundation pit engineering.
Keywords:earth pressure;bracing of foundation
pit;soil nailing and composite soil nailing;environmental
effect;foundation pit engineering
统一强度理论在湿陷性黄土—桩—上部结构共同作用分析中的应用
熊仲明1 王社良1 李小健1
俞茂宏2
(1西安建筑科技大学，陕西西安 710055；2西安交通大学，陕西西安
710049)
摘要：采用统一强度理论，用一种新的模型来模拟湿陷性黄土—桩—上部结构共同作用地基的非线性，同时在
桩—土接触面上设置接触单元模拟其间的接触非线性。工程算例结果表明在强震作用下，湿陷性黄土—桩间的非线性对群桩基础的动力相互作用以及上部结构均有较明显的影响，其上部结构的位移反应及层间剪力要比线性体系产生的结果大，并且考虑共同作用后，结构的动力特性也发生变化，加速度、位移随着地基土软弱程度的增加反映出越来越接近“K"字型的特征。
关键词：统一强度准则；湿陷性黄土；共同作用 中图分类号：0342；TU470+3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000131X(2005)09010306
APPLICATION OF THE UNIFIED STRENTH THEORY TO
SUPERSTRUCTURE
PILE SOIL INTERACTION IN COLLAPSIBLE LOESS
Xiong Zhongming1 Wang
Sheliang1 Li Xiaojian1 Yu
Maohon2
(1Xian University of Architecture and
Technology，Xian 710055,China；
2Xian Jiaotong University,Xian
710049,China)
Abstract: A new model of the unified strength
theory for modeling the nonlinerity of superstrucoure pile
collapsible loess intraction is taken into account,and the interface
element is employed to model the interface behavior between soil and
pile material in collapsible loess. The result of calculation shows
that the effects of the nonlinear behavior between soilpile are
evident for dynamic interaction of pile group and the upper
structure under seismic loading,and that the displacement response
and the shear between stories of the upper structure is larger than
that in linearly behaving soil. The simulation results also indicate
that the distribution of displacement and acceleration of the
structure is different from the norm,in that a “K" shape
distribution is observed,especially when the soil softness is
increased.
Keywords: unified strength
criterion;collapsible loess;interaction
循环荷载作用下软土的一维固结分析
庄迎春1，2胡安峰1
谢康和1
(1浙江大学，浙江杭州310027；2华东勘测设计研究院，浙江杭州310014)
摘要：利用受恒载作用下多层地基的一维线性固结问题的解析解，给出了受循环荷载作用下单层地基考虑压缩性变化的一维固结问题的解答。单层地基被平均划分为n层，并把固结时间和荷载也相应的划分为相同的等份，这样在每一微小的时间段内土层的一维固结问题可以处理为恒载线性问题。每一层土体的压缩、回弹状态可以根据该层的有效应力加以判断，通过选择不同的压缩系数并利用现有的多层地基土的固结理论进行分析。编制了相应的计算程序，与不考虑压缩性变化的解析解进行了比较。在证明了该方法的可靠性的基础上，分析了土体受循环荷载作用下的一维固结性状，最后给出了一个工程计算实例。
关键词：一维固结；循环荷载；压缩系数；回弹系数 中图分类号：TU433
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000131X(2005)09010906
AN ANALYSIS OF ONE DIMENSIONAL CONSOLIDATION OF
SOFT CLAY UNDER CYCLIC LOADING
Zhuang Yingchun1，2 Hu Anfeng1 Xie
Kanghe1
(1Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310027，China；
2East China Investigation & Design Institute,Hangzhou
310014,China)
Abstract: Taking consideration of variable
compressibility under cyclic loading,a new solution to one
dimensional consolidation is presented.In this method, the soil
stratum is divided into nlayers of equnal thicknessthe consolidation
time into several intervals,and the loading into small components
accordingly.The problem of one dimensional consolidation of soil
stratum under cyclic loading,in each time interval,can then be taken
as a one dimensional consolidation of multi layered soils under
constant loading. The compressionor rebounding of each soil layer
can be judged by the effective stress of the layer,thus the
compressibility can be determined and the consolidation of the
layered system can be analyzed by using the existing analytical
consolidation theory, which takes no consideration of variations of
compressibility of soil under cyclic loading. After the feasibility
of this method is proven, the behavior of one dimensional
consolidation of a soil with variable compressibility under cyclic
loading is investigated in detail,and a case study is
conducted.
Keywords:onedimensional
consolidation；cyclic loading；compressibility；resilience
coefficient
西北地区某水库坝址工程区地应力特征研究
胡夏嵩1，2 赵法锁3
（1清华大学，北京
100084;2青海大学水电系，青海西宁 810016；3长安大学 陕西西安 710054）
摘要：位于西北地区某市附近的水库坝址工程在建期间，笔者曾对该区段地应力状态做过详细的现场勘察与研究工作。文中系统回顾和总结了当前国内、外对地应力状态的划分方法，然后，在研究过程中结合本研究区的实际情况，采用了定量判别与定性划分两种方案对该水库大坝坝址工程区的地应力状态进行了系统评价与划分研究。研究结果表明：研究区水库坝址工程区为低地应力状态。
关键词：西北地区；水库坝址区；地应力状态
中图分类号：TD313 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000131X(2005)09011505
A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ROCK STRESS AT
THE DAM SITE OF A
WATER RESERVOIR IN NORTHWEST CHINA
Hu Xiasong1,2 Zhao
Fasuo3
（1Tsinghua University,Beijing
100084,China;
2Qinghai University,Qinghai
810016,China;
3Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064,China）
Abstract: In this paper,both domestic and
international methods for dividing rock stress state are
systematically reviewed.The dam site of a water conservancy project
in Northwest China is taken as an example,and quantitative methods
are employed to systematically divide rock stress state of the dam
site.0The result indicates that a low rock stress state exists at
the dam site.
Keywords: Northwest China;dam
site;rock stress
公路高填方涵洞土压力变化规律及计算方法研究
杨锡武 张永兴
（重庆交通学院，四川重庆 400074；重庆大学，四川重庆 400045）
摘要：通过模型试验研究了狭窄沟谷沟心设涵、宽坦地形沟谷沟心设涵和岸坡脚设涵三种边界条件高填方涵洞涵顶土压力随填土高度变化的规律，以及高填方涵洞的拱效应。试验结果表明，涵顶填土达到一定高度以后，在涵顶上方将产生拱效应，使涵洞顶上的土压力小于理论土压力。但由于高填方涵洞上方路基填料的特点，这种拱效应具有不稳定性，使涵顶土压力随填土高度成非线性变化增加。根据高填方涵洞的土压力变化规律及拱效应特点，提出了计算高填方涵洞非线性土压力计算理论和方法，得出三种边界条件下的非线性土压力计算公式，并通过算例证明了应用该公式计算高填方涵洞土压力的合理性。成果对高填方涵洞土压力计算、结构设计有应用参考价值。
关键词：公路；高填方；涵洞；拱效应；土压力
中图分类号：U449 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000131X(2005)09011906
A STUDY ON THE EARTH PRESSURE THEORY FOR HIGH
FILL CULVERTS
Yang Xiwu Zhang Yongxing
(Chongqing Institute of Communications，Chongqing
400074,China；
Chongqing University，Chongqing 400045,China)
Abstract: The principle of earth pressure
variation and the earth pressure theory for high fill culverts
located different topography boundary conditions are studied in the
paper. The earth pressures on culvert and arching effects are
studied with model testing,to determine the principle of earth
pressure variation and the factors that influence the earth pressure
on high fill culverts. The test results show,as the earth embankment
is filled higher,the arching action will take place above the
culvert,and as a result the earth pressures on the culvert are less
than the theoretical earth pressures and vary nonlinearly with the
height of fills. It is also confirmed in the experiment that the
earth pressure can be indirectly affected by topography boundary
conditions. Because of the filling is different from the insitu
rock,the arching action above the culvert is unstable. Based on the
principle of earth pressure variation,a nonlinear earth pressure
theory for high fill culvert is presented and an example is given to
prove the nonlinear earth pressure theory is a more suitable theory
for high fill culverts.
Keywords：highway；high
fill；culvert；arch action；earth pressure
济南市区地质灾害与环境岩土工程问题的风险度与风险评价
李相然 曹振斌 姚志祥
（烟台大学，山东 烟台 264005）
(中国冶金地质勘查工程总局中南局，湖北武汉 430081)
摘要：城市地质灾害与环境岩土工程问题是城市地质学研究的重要内容，加强城市地质灾害与环境岩土工程问题研究，对城市可持续发展有重要实际意义。本文在对济南市区地质灾害与环境岩土工程问题研究分析的基础上，制定了济南市区地质灾害与环境岩土工程问题风险评价优势指标和层次结构模型，并采用层次分析法（AHP），确定了各优势指标的权值和重要性排序，最后将研究区划分为若干单元，建立模型，计算出各单元的风险度大小，根据各单元的风险度基准值大小，对济南市区的地质灾害与环境岩土工程问题进行了分区，这对济南市的城市建设与发展有重要指导意义。
关键词：地质灾害；环境岩土工程问题；风险度；风险评价；济南市区 中图分类号：TU431 P6422 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
1000131X(2005)09012505
DEGREE OF RISK AND RISK EVALUATION OF GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS IN THE DISTRICT OF
JINAN CITY
Li Xiangran Cao Zhenbin Yao Zhixiang
(Yantai
University,Yantai 264005，China)
(Central South Bureau of China
Metallurgical
Geological Exploration & Engineering
Bureau,Wuhan 430081)
Abstract: Urban geological hazards and
environmental geotechnical problems are an important part of urban
geology.It is of practical significance for urban sustainable
development to strengthen the study on urban geological hazards and
environmental geotechnical problems. Based on the analysis of urban
geological hazards and environmental geotechnical problems in the
district of Jinan city, priority index and hierarchy structure model
of risk evaluation of urban geological hazards and environmental
geotechnical problems are established, and an analytic hierarchy
process is adopted to determine the weighting factor and priority
sequence for each of the priority indices.This is discretized into
cells,and a model is established to calculate the degree of
risk.Based on the risk values of the cells,the urban geological
hazards and environmental geotechnical problems in the district of
Jinan city are classified into different regions,to provide guidance
for the urban construction and development of Jinan
city.
Keywords: geological
hazards;environmental geotechnical problems; Ddegree of risk;risk
evaluation;district of jinan city
大型公共绿地的数字地面模型及土方计算方法
潘国荣1,2
王穗辉1,2
(1同济大学测量与国土信息工程系，上海，200092；
2现代工程测量国家测绘局重点实验室，上海 200092）
摘要：通过阐述建立大型公共绿地数字地面模型的方法，提出了绿地地表曲面面积及土方计算的模型和算法，通过编程来加以实现，成功地解决了大型公共绿地的项目需求。同时对大型公共绿地实现了计算机自动成图及土方计算的内外业一体化。
关键词：数字地面模型；不规则三角形；土方计算
中图分类号：TU198+1
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000131X(2005)09013003
A DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL AND METHOD OF CALCULATION
OF EARTHWORK VOLUME FOR A LARGE PUBLIC GREEN FIELD
Pan Guorong1,2 Wang
Suihui1,2
(1 Department of Surveying and
Geoinformatics，Tongji University Shanghai 200092,China;Key
Laboratory of Modern Geodetic Measurement,State
Bureau of
Surveying and Mapping,Shanghai 200092,China)
Abstract：This paper describes a method of
establishing a digital terrain model for a large communal greenbelt
and presents an algorithm for calculating the curved surface area
and the earthwork of the greenbelt.It successfully meets the need of
these large communal greenbelt projects through integrating computer
automatic graphing and earthwork valure calculation into a uniform
system.
Keywords：digital terrain
model;irregular triangular network;earthwork calculation
城市供热可持续发展模式研究
赵玉甫 王要武
（哈尔滨工业大学，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150000）
摘要：根据可持续发展的原则与指导思想，建立了城市供热可持续发展模式评价指标体系，并将层次分析法首次应用到城市供热各种模式的可持续性的研究工作中，明确了评价指标的量化方法。以哈尔滨市供热中常用的七种模式为例，说明了评价方法以及评价结果对城市供热可持续发展模式研究的指导作用。
关键词：城市供热；可持续发展；层次分析法；评价
中图分类号：F2 文献标识码:
A
文章编号：1000131X(2005)09013305
A STUDY ON MODES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF
HEAT SUPPLY IN CITIES
Zhao Yufu Wang Yaowu
(Harbin Institute of
Technology，Harbin 150000,China
Abstract: An overall system analysis is
conducted for a few common modes of heat supply in cities. On the
principle and guiding ideology of sustainable development, the
system of evaluation is formulated on indexes of sustainable
development of heat supply in cities.It is the first time to use the
method of hierarchical analysis in studying modes of sustainable
development of heat supply in cities. Taking as example the seven
commonly used seven modes of heat supply in Harbin as examples,
description is provided on the method of evaluation and the guiding
function of the result of evaluation in studying modes of
sustainable development of heat supply in
cities.
Keywords: heat supply in
cities；sustainable development；metho d of hierarchical
analysis；evaluation
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