200508

2005年8月摘要

试验数据与回归分析

梁武韬
（中铁西南科学研究院，四川成都 610031）

摘要：简单地叙述了误差理论与名词方面的问题。用间接观测平差法分析线性回归方程，用曲线中点比较法选择最优非线性回归方程。尤其是根据散点图曲线的形状分为10大类，并提供了32个回归方程供参考。
关键词：散点图；回归曲线；误差理论；可靠度；安全系数；相关分析
中图分类号： O212.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0001-05

EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Liang Wutao
(Southwest Research Institute of China Railway Engineering，Chengdu 610031,China)

Abstract:Briefly states the issues in error theory and terminology.Linear regression equation is analyzed by using indirect error-smoothing,and nonlinear regression equation is optimally selected by using the method of comparison of mid-point of curve.Ten categories are classified according to the shape of curve of the scattered points,and 32 regression equations are provided as references.
Keywords:xdiagram of scattered points;regression curve;error theory;reliability;factor of safety;correlation analysis

应变率对拱坝地震反应的影响

肖诗云李宏男杜荣强林皋
（大连理工大学海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室，辽宁大连 116024）

摘要：根据混凝土动力抗拉抗压试验成果和一致黏塑性模型的概念，考虑应变率和静水压力的影响，将混凝土静态HTC四参数模型改造成一致黏塑性HTC四参数本构模型，并用这个模型对某高拱坝进行了非线性地震反应分析，并与线弹性模型和率无关HTC四参数模型的结果进行比较，探讨应变率对拱坝地震反应的影响，结果表明考虑应变率的影响后，拱坝的应力和塑性应变都发生了较大的变化。
关键词:拱坝；应变率；动态本构模型；地震反应；塑性应变
中图分类号：TV642.4 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0005-06

EFFECTS OF STRAIN RATE ON SEISMIC RESPONSE OF ARCH DAMS

Xiao Shiyun Li Hongnan Du Rongqiang Lin Gao
(State Key Lab. of Coastal and offshore Eng.，Dalin University of Technology , Dalian 116024，China)

Abstract:According to the results of dynamic tensile and compressive experiments of concrete and the concept of consistency viscoplastic constitutive model, a modified consistency viscoplastic HTC four-parameter model is developed to take into consideration the effects of strain rate and hydrostatic pressure. Nonlinear seismic responses of a high arch dam are analyzed with this model, and the calculated results are compared with those of linear elastic model and rate-independent HTC four-parameter model,to study the effects of strain rate on seismic response of arch dams. Results show that stress and plastic strain of the arch dam change greatly when the effect of strain rate is taken into account.
Keywords:arch dam；strain rate；dynamic constitutive model；seismic response；plastic strain

外包钢与碳纤维布复合加固钢筋混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

卢亦焱^{1, 2} 陈少雄¹ 赵国藩²
（1.武汉大学，湖北武汉 430072；2.大连理工大学，辽宁大连 116024）

摘要：外包钢与碳纤维布复合加固钢筋混凝土柱是一种新的加固形式。在其运用到结构抗震加固时，必须保证加固构件具有良好的延性破坏机制，为此进行了7根碳纤维布与角钢复合加固钢筋混凝土柱的低周反复试验，并编制了复合加固钢筋混凝土柱全过程分析程序，对轴压比、碳纤维布用量、角钢用量等影响复合加固效果的因素进行了分析。试验及电算结果均表明，复合加固后钢筋混凝土柱的极限承载力和耗能性能均有大幅提高。与仅用外包角钢加固柱相比，复合加固柱的抗震性能亦得到明显改善。
关键词:外包钢；碳纤维布；复合加固；钢筋混凝土柱；抗震性能
中图分类号：TU375.3 TU317+.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0010-08

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN STRENGTHENED WITH BONDED STEEL HOOPS AND CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER SHEET

Lu Yiyan ^1,2 Chen Shaoxiong ¹ Zhao Guofan ²
(1.Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
2.Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

Abstract: Reinforced concrete column strengthened with combination of bonded steel hoops (BSP) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet (CFRP) is a new means of strengthening. Strengthening of structural seismic behavior must provide the structure with good ductility. Seven reinforced concrete columns strengthened with combination of bonded steel hoops and carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet under cyclic loading are investigated to study the seismic behaviors. Based on the stress and strain relationship of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with combination of BSP and CFRP, a computer code for the columns is developed. Experimental and theoretical data are in good agreement. Factors such as axial load ratio, re-strengthening amount of BSP and CFRP, compression strength of concrete are analyzed. Remarkable improvement in ductility and load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete columns has been observed.
Keywords:bonded steel hoop; carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet (CFRP); combination strengthening; reinforced concrete column; seismic behaviors

不同暗支撑型式的带暗支撑双肢剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

曹万林¹ 董宏英¹ 胡国振² 黄选明¹ 张建伟¹
(1.北京工业大学，北京 100022；2.河北工程技术高等专科学校，河北沧州 061001）

摘要：在已有钢筋混凝土带暗支撑双肢剪力墙研究的基础上，设计了3个不同暗支撑配筋型式的四层双肢剪力墙和1个普通四层双肢剪力墙1/4缩尺模型，并进行了在低周反复荷载作用下与普通双肢剪力墙的对比试验研究。较系统地分析了结构的承载力、延性、耗能、用钢量和破坏特征等。还建立了带暗支撑双肢剪力墙的力学模型、承载力计算公式，计算结果与实测值符合较好。
关键词:钢筋混凝土；双肢剪力墙；暗支撑；抗震性能
中图分类号：P315 TU375 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0018-08

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF RC COUPLED SHEAR WALLS WITH CONCEALED BRACINGS OF DIFFERENT STYLES

Cao Wanlin1 Dong Hongying¹ Hu Guozhen² Huang Xuanming¹ Zhang Jianwei¹
(1. Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China;
2. Hebei Engineering and Technology College, Cangzhou 061001, China)

Abstract:Three four-story 1/4 scale models of RC coupled shear walls with concealed bracings of different forms and one four-story 1/4 scale general RC coupled shear wall model were designed. Comparative experimental studies on the normal RC coupled shear wall under low cyclic loading were conducted. The structural bearing capacities, ductility, energy dissipation, amount of steel and failure feature are analyzed systematically. The mechanical model and the calculation formulas of the bearing capacity for RC coupled shear walls with concealed bracings are also established. The calculation results of bearing capacity of the specimens agree well with the measured ones.
Keywords:reinforced concrete; coupled shear wall; concealed bracing; seismic behavior

OPTIMUM DESIGN BASED ON SAFETY CONSTRAINTS OF MULTI-STAGE PRE-STRESSED STEEL STRUCTURES

Zhang Ailin Ren Weijie
（Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022,China）

Abstract: An optimum design model is established for multi-stage pre-stressed steel structures, which accounts for safety constraints on the stresses and displacements of the structures. The optimum design method is put forward by combining linear programming with the principle of full constraints. The magnitudes of pre-stresses and the optimized sections of members at each stage can be obtained. Some examples such as large-span steel roof, horizontal parallel steel truss with local or global cables are provided to verify the proposed method.
Keywords:safety constraints; pre-stress; optimum design; steel structures

基于安全度约束的多次预应力钢结构优化设计

张爱林任维杰
（北京工业大学，北京 100022）

摘要：建立了多次预应力钢结构优化设计的模型，考虑了应力、位移等安全性约束，将线性规划与满约束准则法相结合，提出了效率较高的新优化策略和方法，可以得出每一级的预应力值和各个构件的优化截面。分别对具有局部布索或整体布索的大跨度钢屋架、平行钢桁架进行了优化计算分析，验证了本文的理论和方法。
关键词:安全度；多次预应力; 优化设计；钢结构
中图分类号：TU394 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0026-05

混凝土多轴受压疲劳强度分析

曹伟^1，3 胡建周² 宋玉普³
(1.东莞市建设工程质量监督站，广东东莞 523076；2.东莞市公路局，广东东莞 523013；
3.大连理工大学，辽宁大连 116024)

摘要：首先进行了0、0.1fc、0.25fc和0.4fc四个不同初始定侧压级别下的混凝土三轴压静载试验和0.1fc、0.25fc两个不同初始定侧压级别下的混凝土三轴压等幅疲劳试验，疲劳试验中最小应力水平均为0.1fc，最大应力水平为1.6fc～2.5fc，根据混凝土三轴压本构特征得到其在不同加载工况下的疲劳寿命。然后利用等效疲劳寿命和等效应力水平的概念，通过三参数Fardis-Chen模型和修正的Aas-Jakobsen方程得到统一的S-N曲线方程，并以此得到混凝土在不同侧压工况下的疲劳强度，从而使混凝土多轴受压疲劳强度问题得到简化。
关键词:混凝土；三轴压疲劳；疲劳强度；等效疲劳寿命；等效应力水平
中图分类号：TU528.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0031-06

ANALYSIS OF THE FATIGUE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE UNDER MULTI-AXIAL COMPRESSIVE CYCLIC LOADING

Cao Wei^1，3 Hu Jianzhou² Song Yupu³
(1.Dongguan Civil Engineering Quality Supervision Office,Dongguan 523076，China；
2.Dongguan Highway Bureau,Dongguan 523013，China；
3.Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

Abstract:An experimental program is carried out to investigate the fatigue strength of concrete under multi-axial compressive cyclic loading.The specimens are subjected to constant-amplitude triaxial compressive cyclic loading,with the constant initial lateral load being equal to 0.1fc or 0.25fc.The lower limit of the cyclic stress is 0.1fc and the upper limit ranges from 1.6fc to 2.5fc.Based on the triaxial constitutive characteristics of the concrete,the fatigue life is evaluated for various cyclic loading cases.The three-parameter Fardis-Chen model is calibrated against the static triaxial compression test results,so that the static strength under various lateral loadings can be calculated.Applying the concept of equivalent fatigue life and equivalent stress level,in order to simplify the issue,a unified S-N curve,i.e.,a modified Aas-Jakobsen equation is established to obtain the multi-axial fatigue strength.
Keywords:concrete;triaxial compressive cyclic loading;fatigue strength;equivalent fatigue life;equivalent stress level

高性能混凝土框架火灾后抗震性能试验研究

肖建庄谢猛
(同济大学，上海 200092)

摘要：对3榀火灾后和1榀未受火的高性能混凝土单层单跨框架进行了低周反复加载下的抗震性能试验研究，分析了高温火灾、混凝土强度等级对高性能混凝土框架结构破坏机制、承载力、滞回特性、延性、刚度以及耗能的影响规律，建立了相应的恢复力模型，并探讨了聚丙烯纤维(PPF)对这些性能的影响。研究表明，火灾后高性能混凝土框架结构易出现“强梁弱柱”，承载力、刚度及耗能均明显下降，仅延性有所提高，总体上抗震性能下降。混凝土强度等级低者火灾后框架结构抗震性能更低，而聚丙烯纤维对火灾后高性能混凝土框架结构抗震性能的影响需结合多种有利因素和不利因素综合考虑。
关键词:高性能混凝土；框架；火灾后；抗震性能
中图分类号：TU528 TU317 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0036-07

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF HPC FRAMES AFTER FIRE

Xiao Jianzhuag Xie Meng
(Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

Abstract:Based on an experimental study on the seismic behavior of three single-span and single-storey HPC frames after fire and one such frame at ambient temperature,the effects of fire and HPC strength grade on the failure mechanism,bearing capacity,hysteresis property,ductililty,stiffness and energy dissipation of HPC frames are discussed,the recovery-force models are established,and the effects of the polypropylene fiber (PPF)on these characteristics are also investigated.The results show that a HPC frame structure after fire is easily changed into a strong-beam and weak-column structure,and the bearing capacity,stiffness and energy dissipation decrease greatly except for ductility.The seismic behavior of frame made of HPC with lower strength is even worse.The addition of polypropylene fiber brings both virtues and weaknesses to the seismic behavior of HPC frames after fire.
Keywords:high-performance concrete(HPC);frame;after fire;seismic behavior

离心成型钢筋钢纤维混凝土电杆受力性能试验研究

高润东¹ 赵顺波¹ 张天光² 陈春年³
（1.华北水利水电学院，河南郑州 450011；2.河南省电力设计院，河南郑州 450002；
3.河南金源电力有限公司水泥制品厂，河南郑州 450048）

摘要：通过试验研究了无拉线离心成型钢筋钢纤维混凝土电杆的力学性能，包括抗裂度、裂缝宽度及其分布形态、杆顶变形和极限承载力等。试验证明：掺入适量钢纤维后，电杆的抗裂度得到明显提高，裂缝宽度明显减小，裂缝间距减小，主裂缝间的裂缝呈短细非贯通性分布形态，电杆的极限承载力有所增大。结合离心成型工艺特点和钢纤维分布规律分析了其中的原因，为工程应用提供了科研依据。
关键词:电杆；钢筋钢纤维混凝土；离心成型；抗裂度；裂缝；变形
中图分类号：TU528572 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0043-06

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE POLE FABRICATED BY CENTRIFUGAL SHAPING METHOD

Gao Rundong1 Zhao Shunbo¹ Zhang Tianguang² Chen Chunnian³
(1. North China Institute of Water Conservancy & Hydroelectric Power, Zhengzhou 450011, China;
2.Henan Provincial Electric Power Design Institute, Zhengzhou 450002,China; 
3. Cement Product Factory of Henan Jinyuan Electric Power Limited Company, Zhengzhou 450048,China)

Abstract: Tests are carried out to study the main mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete pole fabricated by centrifugal shaping method without tension thread: cracking strength，crack distribution and width，topend deflection and ultimate resistance It is proved that, with proper amount of steel fiber，the cracking strength of the pole increases distinctively，the maximum crack width and the spacing of main cracks decrease，the cracks between the main cracks are short，thin and nonpenetrated，and the ultimate bearing capacity of the pole increases to some extent Combining the technological characteristics of centrifugal shaping method with the steel fiber distribution regularity, the mechanisms are analyzed
Keywords:pole；steel fiber reinforced concrete；centrifugal shaping method；cracking strength；crack；deflection

生命线系统相互作用下的震害预测方法

汤爱平¹ 郭明珠² 欧进萍¹ 谢礼立¹
（1.哈尔滨工业大学，黑龙江哈尔滨 150090；2.北京工业大学，北京 100022）

摘要：在总结生命线系统地震中相互作用特点的基础上，提出定量评价生命线系统相互作用的三个指标。利用网络分析方法，将生命线系统等效为节点和弧段单元体系，并将节点进一步划分为复杂和简单两种类型，建立考虑相互作用影响下的复杂节点故障树，在此基础上并进一步利用故障树分析方法和地理信息系统的网络分析方法探讨了地震作用下生命线系统网络破坏机理，最终提出了一套考虑相互作用的生命线系统，震害预测新方法。
关键词:生命线地震工程；相互作用；故障树；地理信息系统；震害预测
中图分类号：P.315.9 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0049-07

A METHOD OF EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE FORECASTING FOR LIFELINE SYSTEM WITH INTERACTIONS

Tang Aiping ¹ Guo Mingzhu ² Ou Jinping ¹ Xie Lili ¹
(1. Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090,China;
2. Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China)

Abstract:Presents the earthquake damage characteristics of lifeline systems with interactions for earthquakes of recent 30 years. Three parameters are defined to describe the form and degree of interactions within lifeline systems. Destruction models considering interactions in main lifeline systems are constructed from a system point of view. Based on the geographic information system and fault tree technique, a new network analysis method of earthquake damage forecasting is presented for lifeline systems with interactions.
Keywords:lifeline earthquake engineering; interaction; fault tree technique; geographical information system

可用于结构健康监测的BOTDR光纤变形检出特性试验研究

吴智深^1,2 施斌² 原田隆郎¹ 石井豪¹ 许斌¹
（1.日本茨城大学，日本；2.南京大学，江苏南京210093）

摘要：应用BOTDR检测技术对用于结构物健康监测的光纤变形检出特性进行了试验研究，包括光纤锥重拉伸试验和光纤压缩与拉张试验。通过试验，分析了光纤应变区长度对检测结果的影响，确定了光纤应变检测段长度的选择区间，验证了BOTDR检测光纤压应变和张应变的有效性。
关键词: BOTDR；光纤；拉伸和压缩应变；检出特性
中图分类号：TP 212 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0056-06

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MEASURING CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTDR FOR STRUCTURE HEALTH MONITORING

Wu Zhishen^1,2 Shi Bin² Harada Takao¹ Ishii Tuyoshi¹ Xu Bin¹
(1.Ibaraki University, Japan;2.Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,China)

Abstract:An experimental study is performed on the measuring characteristics of BOTDR for structural health monitoring, including dead weight tension test and optical fiber compression-tension test.Based on the experimental results,the effect of optical fiber strain length on measuring results,is analyzed the selection interval for the measuring length of optical fiber strain determined,and the effectiveness of BOTDR for monitoring optical fiber compressive and tensile strains verified.
Keywords:BOTDR;optical fiber;tensile and compressible strain;measuring characteristics

应用曲率模态理论识别实桥模型损伤的研究

陆熙霍达
（北京工业大学，北京 100022）

摘要：在曲率模态理论基础上，针对目前损伤研究一般采用的简单等直梁或杆件等简化模型与实际桥梁差别较大的情况，参照实际城市道路桥梁建立有限元损伤模型，通过计算研究了大型桥梁损伤的结构响应特点，验证了曲率模态对大型结构整体损伤、局部损伤都有较好的敏感性，可为实际公路桥梁损伤的测量和识别提供参考。
关键词:曲率模态；公路桥梁；损伤
中图分类号：U445.7 文章标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0061-07

STUDY OF REAL BRIDGE MODEL DAMAGE DETECTION BASED ON CURVATURE MODE THEORY

Lu Xi Huo Da
(Beijing University of Technology，Beijing 100022,China)

Abstract:Based on curvature mode theory used in damage detection, a finite element model referred to Beijing city Highway Bridge is built in this paper to be studied as a substitution for the simple beam model used in damage detection research of bridge generally, which is greatly different to the real bridge. Then, the responses of damaged highway bridge are studied, and it is proved that curvature mode is a satisfactory index in damage detection no whether for whole bridge structure or for part of it. Some useful conclusions for city Highway Bridge are drawn in this paper and can serve as references for real bridge damage measure and detection.
Keywords:curvature mode；highway bridge；damage

考虑流固动力相互作用的大型渡槽地震响应研究

徐建国^1，2 陈淮² 王博² 王复明² 徐伟²
（1.大连理工大学, 辽宁大连 116024; 2. 郑州大学, 河南郑州 450002）

摘要：根据符拉索夫及豪斯纳尔理论建立考虑槽内水体与渡槽槽身流固耦合的渡槽薄壁结构空间地震响应计算模型，该模型综合考虑了渡槽横向、竖向、纵向、自由扭转变形、约束扭转变形以及槽内水体对槽身的流-固动力相互作用等。由能量变分原理推导给出了渡槽薄壁梁段单元刚度矩阵及质量矩阵，按粘滞阻尼假设建立了渡槽结构阻尼矩阵。利用该模型对南水北调中线水利工程某大型渡槽进行了多工况地震时程响应计算。计算结果说明在地震作用下，渡槽槽内水质量对渡槽的横向地震响应有较大影响，在大型渡槽抗震设计计算时应予以重视。本文模型计算简单易行，是考虑槽内水体流固耦合作用的渡槽薄壁结构实用的地震响应计算模型，计算结果可为大型渡槽的抗震设计提供参考。
关键词:渡槽;地震; 流固耦合;时程响应
中图分类号：TV312 文献标识码:A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0067-07

SEISMIC RESPONSE OF LARGE-SCALE AQUEDUCT WITH FLUID-STRUCTURE COUPLING

Xu Jianguo^1,2 Chen Huai² Wang Bo² Wang Fuming² Xu Wei²
(1.Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
2.Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China)

Abstract:Based on the theory of Volasov and Housner, a shell aqueduct seismic response model with fluid-structure coupling is established. The transverse,vertical,and longitudinal structural deformation and restraint twist, as well as coupling between the aqueduct and the water body are considered. The element stiffness and mass matrices of the aqueduct are derived by using the energy principle. According to the viscosity damping hypothesis,the damping matrix is established.The seismic responses of a large-scale aqueduct in several operation cases are calculated. It is shown that the transverse seismic response is greetly influenced by the water mass in the aqueduct,deser ving attention in the anti-seismic design of the aqveduct. The model in this paper is simple and practical for the seismic response analysis of aqueduct with fluid-structure coupling,and the calculation results provide references to the anti-seismic design of aqueducts.
Keywords:aqueduct; earthquake; fluid-structure coupling; time-history response

应用MRF-04K阻尼器的大跨连续刚构桥地震反应的半主动控制

李忠献樊素英史志利徐龙河
（天津大学，天津 300072）

摘要：应用最近设计制作的MRF-04K型磁流变（MR）阻尼器对大跨连续刚构桥的地震反应实施半主动控制。首先建立了多支承不同步地震激励下大跨连续刚构桥的运动方程，并基于瞬时最优控制算法建立了大跨连续刚构桥地震反应控制的计算方法，数值仿真分析了某四跨预应力混凝土连续刚构桥在不同控制策略下地震反应的控制效果，结果表明当在该连续刚构桥的两端各安装50个MRF-04K阻尼器，中墩墩顶水平位移降低70.4%,中跨跨中竖向位移降低77.7%，边跨跨中竖向位移降低66.0%。最后得出结论：应用MRF-04K阻尼器能使多支承不同步地震激励下大跨连续刚构桥的地震反应得到有效的控制，主动控制效果明显地高于被动控制效果，且半主动控制能取得理想的控制效果，即使地震发生时半主动控制系统失效，同样可以取得理想的控制效果，从而为MRF-04K阻尼器的工程应用提供了理论依据。
关键词:大跨连续刚构桥；地震反应；半主动控制；磁流变（MR）阻尼器；瞬时最优控制
中图分类号：U44 TU99 X4 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0074-06

SEMI-ACTIVE CONTROL ON THE SEISMIC RESPONSES OF LONG-SPAN CONTINUOUS RIGID-FRAMED BRIDGES USING MRF-04K DAMPER

Li Zhongxian Fan Suying Shi Zhili Xu Longhe
(Tianjin University，Tianjin 300072,China)

Abstract: A semi-active control on the seismic responses of the long-span continuous rigid-framed bridges is performed using a recently designed and manufactured magnetorheological (MR) damper,MRF-04K.The equations of motion are established for the long-span continuous rigid-framed bridges under multi-support asynchronous seismic excitations,and the calculation method for the control of the seismic responses of the long-span continuous rigid-framed bridges is proposed,based on the Instantaneous Optimal Control algorithm. The control effect on the seismic responses of a four-span prestressed concrete continuous rigid-framed bridge is numerically simulated under different control strategies, and the results show that when 50 MRF-04K dampers are installed at the two ends of the continuous rigid-framed bridge, the peak lateral displacement at the top of the middle biers is reduced by 70.4%, the peak wertical displacement at the mid-point of the middle spans is reduced by 77.7% and the peak vertical displacement at the mid-point of the side spans is reduced by 66.0%. The conclusions are given that the seismic responses of long-span continuous rigid-framed bridges under multi-support asynchronous seismic excitations can be effectively controlled using the MRF-04K dampers, the effect of active control is considerably higher than that of passive control, and the ideal control effect can be achieved by using semi-active control even though the semi-active control system is inactive when the earthquake occurs. This serves as a theoretical basis for engineering applications of the MRF-04K dampers.
Keywords:long-span continuous rigid-framed bridge；seismic response；semi-active control；magnetorheological (MR) damper；instantaneous optimal control

大跨度两铰钢拱桥面内结构设计计算方法

谢旭¹ 李辉² 黄剑源²
(1.浙江大学, 浙江杭州 310027; 2.宁波大学, 浙江宁波 315211)

摘要：大跨度拱桥具有显著的几何非线性力学行为，按线性设计理论不能满足安全要求，考虑由拱肋变形产生的附加弯矩和精确推算结构的稳定强度是设计中的重要课题。以两铰钢拱桥为对象，提出了考虑非线性影响以及高精度稳定强度的拱桥结构设计方法，以跨度160 m和200 m的两桥计算模型为例，验证了按非线性理论设计的必要性以及本设计方法的合理性，分析结果表明按线性计算方法和弹性稳定理论不能精确评价结构的受力特性和强度。
关键词:两铰钢拱桥；设计法；几何非线性；稳定强度
中图分类号：U448.22 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0080-06

A STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS APPROACH OF TWO-HINGED LONG-SPAN STEEL ARCH BRIDGES UNDER IN-PLANE LOADING

Xie Xu¹ Li Hui² Huang Jianyuan²
（1. Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; 2. Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China）

Abstract:Because of the notable geometrical nonlinear behavior, the safety requirement of long-span arch bridge structures cannot be met by using linear analysis theory. It is of significance problem to study the additional bending moment induced by the deformation of rib arches and the stability of the arch bridge structures. This paper proposes a structural design and analysis approach of two-hinged long-span steel bridges under in-plane loading. Effects of geometrical nonlineariety and stability in high precision are considered and two arch bridge model calculations with spans 160m and 200m, respectively, are provided. The necessity of the nonlinear theory as well as the rationality of the proposed approach is examined. From the numerical results, it is found that geometrical nonlineariety is an important factor in the design of two-hinged long-span steel arch bridges, and that linear analysis method and elastic stability theory cannot precisely evaluate the ultimate strength and instability behavior of arch bridges.
Keywords:two-hinged steel arch bridge; design approach; geometrical nonlineariety; stability strength

考虑群桩效应的大刚度结构的地震反应分析

黄靓¹ 熊辉² 施楚贤¹
(1. 湖南大学，湖南长沙 410082；2.同济大学，上海 200092)

摘要：基于改进的Gazetas均质土中桩-土-结构相互作用三步法计算模式,引入轴向力影响导出了一种计算层状介质中动力相互作用的新方法,扩展了群桩-土相互作用简化法的应用范围。在考虑群桩效应的基础上,对两种规范未要求进行共同作用计算的新型大刚度高层结构(带交叉斜撑的钢管混凝土框架结构和配筋砌块砌体剪力墙结构)进行了群桩-土-上部结构体系的地震反应分析。分析表明,引入群桩运动相互作用后的一体化抗震设计，可以从量化和定性两方面来较为简捷、准确地预估体系的共同作用效应程度，而按一般概念上的单纯根据位移的增大或加速度的减少来判别共同作用的产生大小是不合理的。配筋砌块砌体剪力墙结构在一定的桩土条件下反而会有更强的动力相互作用效应。上述两种新型结构都应纳入规范考虑上下部共同作用的结构体系的范畴。最后，提出了一个可以综合考虑多项影响参数的量化判别公式,可以快速判别群桩-土-上部结构是否需要开展相互作用的计算。
关键词:桩基-结构动力相互作用；群桩效应；大刚度结构；体系周期；地震反应分析；量化判别
中图分类号： TU413.7 TU472.3+1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0086-09

SEISMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF LARGE STIFFNESS STRUCTURES CONSIDERING PILE-GROUPS EFFECTS

Huang Liang¹ Xiong Hui² Shi Chuxian¹
( 1.Hunan University，Changsha 410082,China;2.Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

Abstract:Based on the terms of Gazetas’s three-step procedure for pile-soil-structure interaction in homogenous media, a new method is proposed for calculating the dynamic interaction factors of layered-soil with axial load,under harmonic or horizontal seismic excitations, and the simplified scheme for the interaction of pile-groups and soil is extended.The seismic response analysis of two tall buildings of large siffness (concrete-filled steel tubular braced frame structure and reinforced masonry shear wall structure),though no interactive computation is required in the code,is carried out considering pile-groups effects.The analysis demonstrates that the interactive effect could be easily and accurately predicted by using way of merely a qualitative or quantitative method in a systematic seismic design,after the kinematic interaction of pile-groups is taken into account.The general using way of merely evaluating displacement increase or acceleration decrease may not be rational.Furthermore,due to the various contributions of pile-soil foundations,more significant dynamic interaction effect would be generated for reinforced masonry shear wall structures.An appraisal formula considering several influencing parameters is presented to quickly assess whether pile-supported-structure dynamic interaction needs to be considered.
Keywords: pile-supported-structure dynamic interaction; pile-group effect；large stiffness structure ；system period; seismic response analysis;quantitative appraisal

基坑附近既有建筑物地基承载力减损的估算

王红雨^1，2 杨敏¹
（1.同济大学，上海 200092；2.宁夏大学，宁夏银州 750021）

摘要：基坑开挖导致周围既有建筑物地基承载力减损是一个值得关注的问题。本文基于工程应用较广的极限平衡理论，讨论了临近基坑既有建筑物荷载作用下地基临界滑移面的形状，提出了一种考虑基坑开挖影响的地基土破坏时临界滑移面模式，并利用滑楔法推导出相应的极限承载力估算公式。在此基础上，用给出的公式分别计算了基坑边坡、基础所处位置及土的内摩擦角取不同值时的地基极限承载力系数。将所得解答与已有文献中的试验数据和太沙基的地面水平、基础底面光滑时的理论解进行了对比分析。结果表明该方法简单实用，估算位于基坑附近一定范围内的地基承载力，效果较好。
关键词：极限荷载；临近基坑；临界滑移面；承载力减损
中图分类号：TU470+.3 文献识别码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0095-07

AN ESTIMATE FOR THE LOSS OF BEARING CAPACITY OF THE FOOTING NEAR EXCAVATIONS

Wang Hongyu^1，2 Yang Min¹
（1.Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China；2.Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China）

Abstract：It is notably the case that an excavation is likely to significantly reduce the bearing capacity of a nearly foundation. This paper deals with the evaluation of the bearing capacity of a shallow footing located near an excavation. By means of the limit equilibrium theory the critical ground sliding surface of the excavation under the load of neighboring structure is discussed. A new failure pattern of critical sliding surface is put forward, and an estimation equation of the ultimate bearing capacity is derived by using the wedge method. With the above approach, the bearing capacity coefficients near an excavation are obtained for various slope angles, footing locations and internal friction angles. The solutions are compared with the experimental values from the literature and Terzaghi’s theory on the bearing capacity of flat-surface ground. The results show that the calculated values are reasonable within a certain range from the crest of excavation slope.
Keywords：limit load; near excavation; critical sliding surface; loss of bearing capacity

砂土中深基基底极限承载力分析

陈从春¹ 张季如² 肖汝诚¹
（1.同济大学，上海 200092；2.武汉理工大学，湖北武汉 430070）

摘要：以球孔扩张模型为基础，引入八面体应力和曲线型Mohr-coloumb强度包线，利用能量平衡原理和体变平衡原理建立方程组，来分析密砂中深基础的基底极限承载力；并将本文理论与其他理论和实际应用进行比较，表明本文理论更符合实际情况。本理论是综合了剪切机理和压缩机理的一种新的尝试，是对Vesic课题的发展。
关键词：极限承载力；球孔扩张；能量平衡；体变平衡；非线型强度包线；非线性
中图分类号：TU411+.4 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0102-05

ANALYSIS FOR THE ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF DEEP FOUNDATIONS IN SANDS

Chen Congchu¹ Zhang Jiru² Xiao Rucheng¹
(1 Tongji University,Shanghai 200092，China;2 Wuhan University of Technlogy,Wuhan430070,China)

Abstract:Based on the model of spherical cavity expansion,this paper introduces octahedron stress and Mohrcoloumb strength envelope curve.Employing conservation of energy principle and equilibrium of volume principle,equations are established to analyze the ultimate bearing capacity of deep foundations in dense sands.A classic case is calculated,and comparisons with those from other theories indicate that the proposed theory is more reasonable.The theory is a tentative method to synthesize shear and compression mechanisms,and can be considered as an extension to Vesic’s theory.
Keywords：ultimate bearing capacity；spherical cavity expansion；conservation of energy principle；equilibrium of volume principle；Mohrcoloumb strength envelop curve；nonlinearity

岩溶地区城市地下浅埋隧道工程技术研究

黄焰伍永胜
（中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院，湖南长沙 410014）

摘要：结合广州地铁二号线三元里折返线工程的设计施工，深入分析研究岩溶地区浅埋隧道工程的设计施工技术，尝试采取的各种水文、地质、物探等试验及勘察手段，简便可行，结论真实，能够全面客观反映该复杂地层的工程水文地质特征，对采取相应工程处理措施提供了充分可靠的依据。
关键词：岩溶地区；城市；浅埋隧道；设计施工；技术研究
中图分类号：U455.49 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0107-07

ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SHALLOW UNDERGROUND TUNNELS IN URBAN KARST REGIONS

Huang Yan Wu Yongsheng
（Mid-South Design and Research Institute for Hydropower Projects China Hydro Consultants,Changsha 410014,China）

Abstract:Taking the return line of Metro No.2 at Sanyuanli in Guangzhou City as an example, analyzes the design and construction techniques of shallow tunnels in Karst regions, and expounds the use of hydrological, geological and geophysical measures for the project. These testing and investigation measures are simple to use, and can realistically reflect the hydrogeological nature of the strata.
Keywords:karst region；city；shallow tunnel；design and construction；technique study

含工业废料加固土的特性研究

庄心善王功勋田必
(湖北工业大学，湖北武汉 430068)

摘要：工业废料粉煤灰中掺适量水泥或石灰等固化剂来加固土壤，不仅可以降低工程造价、改善环境，而且可以增加加固土体的强度，使之能应用于工程实践。参考了大量国内外文献资料后，对粉煤灰、炉渣等工业废料在岩土工程领域中的运用背景及作用机理等作了探讨，并以大量的试验进行了初步的研究，得出不同胶凝材料、不同掺量对不同复合土强度的影响规律。
关键词：工业废料；胶凝材料；加固土
中图分类号：TU411.6 TU522.08 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0114-04

A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS CONSOLIDATED WITH INDUSTRIAL WASTES

Zhuang Xinshan Wang Gongxun Tian Bi
(Hubei Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430068, China)

Abstract:Adding cement or lime to fly ash to consolidate soils, not only the construction cost is reduced, but also the soil strength is increased. This paper discusses the mechanism and the application of the fly ash and slag in geotechnical engineering. Through laboratory samples, rules are obtained on how the various gelatinoids influence various compounded-soils.
Keywords：industrial waste; gelatinoids; solidified-soil

土石坝土体参数反演的一种新方法

田明俊周晶
(大连理工大学，辽宁大连 116023)

摘要：为了确保基于遗传算法的土石坝土体参数反演结果的可靠性，应用数值逼近方法，分析了反演结果失真的原因，讨论了保证土体参数反演结果全局收敛的条件。在此基础上，提出了补偿观测信息的虚拟位移法，初步解决了观测值少、待反演参数较多时，反演结果失真的问题。最后用一个简单的算例验证了该方法是可行和有效的。
关键词:遗传算法；参数反演；虚拟位移法
中图分类号：TU641 文献标识：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0118-05

AN INVERSE ANALYSIS OF EMBANKMENT DAM PARAMETERS BY USINGA VIRTUAL DISPLACEMENT METHOD

Tian Mingjun Zhou Jing
(Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China)

Abstract:To ensure the reliability of the inverse-analysis of the material parameters of embankment dams, by using a genetic algorithm, a numerical approximation method is adopted to analyze the causes for the distortion of the inverse result. The conditions that must be satisfied to obtain globally convergent inverse result are discussed. According to these conditions, a new method, named as the virtual displacement method, is proposed to compensate the deficiency of the observed data. The results of an example show that the virtual displacement method is capable of obtaining global minima, proving its feasibility and effectiveness for solving inverse problems.
Keywords:genetic algorithm; inverse analysis; virtual displacement method

建设工程项目Partnering管理方式探究

赵振宇^1，2 刘伊生¹ 乌云娜²
（1.北京交通大学，北京 100044；2.华北电力大学，北京 102206）

摘要：近十多年来Partnering已成为在国际上得到成功实践的一种新的工程项目管理方式。本文诠释了Partnering管理方式的核心内容，提出了Partnering管理方式的工作流程；构造了以Partnering协议为基础，以Partnering管理为手段，以目标实现机制为核心的项目管理机制框架模型。分析Partnering管理方式化解建设工程项目信息不对称冲突、工程变更冲突、项目要素关系冲突及发挥合作性资源效益的机理。列举了我国岭澳核电建设工程应用Partnering管理理念的成功实践经验。提出我国要引入Partnering管理方式需要建立诚信制度、合同创新，需要得到政府的重视和业主的推动。
关键词：建设工程项目；Partnering；合作；冲突；双赢
中图分类号：F284 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)08-0123-05

A STUDY ON PARTNERING IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Zhao Zhenyu^1，2 Liu Yisheng¹ Wu Yunna²
(1.Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;
2.North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)

Abstract：Partnering in recent decade has become a new successful practicable method in construction project management throughout the world.This paper defines the core contents of Partnering,presents the Partnering work process and formulates a Partnering management mechanism structure model.Based on the Partnering Charter,this model uses the partnering measures,and takes the common goals as the core.The Partnering method is helpful in resolving asymmetric information conflicts,work variation conflicts,and project factor relationship conflicts in construction projects.The involved parties will benefit from the alliance resources through Partnering.The experiences from the LingAo Nuclear Power Station project by use of partnering ideology are summarized.In order to introduce Partnering to China,it is necessary to establish a credit system and to innovate contracts,which requires the government's attention and the owner's promotion.
Keywords:construction project；partnering；alliance；conflict；win-win

利用遗传及免疫算法进行桥梁维修管理计划的优化

王桂萱¹ 中村秀明² 晏班夫² 宫本文穗²
(1.大连大学，辽宁大连 116622；2.山口大学，日本山口县宇部市 755-8611）

摘要：以桥梁的耐久性和耐荷性为桥梁的质量指标，建立了考虑桥梁经济性和质量指标的维修加固模型。探讨了简单遗传算法(SGA)和免疫算法(IA)求最优桥梁维修管理计划的解的可能性,并对比了二者解的差别。结果表明当维修计划期间较短时，二者均可给出适当的优化解，当桥梁维修管理计划期间较长时，SGA法得出的准优化解频度减少，解的可靠性降低；而IA法可以给出SGA法无法得出的长期间维修计划的优化解，并给出复数的维修管理计划方案供用户选择。
关键词:遗传算法；免疫算法；优化；维修管理计划；桥梁
中图分类号：TU451 文献标识：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0128-07

OPTIMIZATION OF MAINTENANCE PLANNING FOR EXISTING BRIDGES USING GA AND IA

Wang Guixuan¹ Hideaki Nakamura² Yan Banfu² Ayaho Miyamoto²
(1.Dalian university,Dalian 116622,China;2.Yamaguchi University,Ube,Yamaguchi 755-8611,Japan)

Abstract:An optimization system for bridge maintenance planning is developed and included in the bridge intelligent decision support system.In this study,an optimization model for bridge maintenance planning considering both maintenance cost minimization and quality maximization is established by adopting load-carrying capability and durability as the bridge rating indices.The optimal solutions of the maintenance planning obtained using the Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA) and Immune Algorithm (IA) are compared.It is found that both could provide appropriate optimal solutions, as the maintenance period is shorter.However, the reliability of the solution using SGA decreases gradually as the maintenance period becomes longer. On the other hand,not only can the IA provide more accurate solutions than the SGA, but also can supply plural semi-optimal solutions for user[BF]'[BFQ]s selection.
Keywords:genetic algorithm(GA)；immune algorithm(IA)；optimization；maintenance planning；bridge

神经网络在工程造价和主要工程量快速估算中的应用研究

任宏周其明
（重庆大学，重庆 400045）

摘要：采用动量法和学习自适应调整策略改正的BP神经网络建立了工程造价和主要工程量估算数学模型。针对以往估算模型精度不高的原因，模型中增加了工程造价指数和工程硬、软件环境对工程造价的影响。采用matlab 6.1计算软件，以深圳市已完典型工程资料为例，验证了该模型的正确性及实用性。
关键词：神经网络；BP神经网络；工程造价；快速估算；估算模型
中图分类号：TU723.3 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X（2005）08-0135-04

APPLICATION OF NEURAL NERWORK FOR QUICK ESTIMATION OF ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION COST AND MAIN QUANTITIES

Ren Hong Zhou Qiming
(Chong Qing University, Chong Qing 400045, China)

Abstract:A BP network improved by momentum and learning and self-adapting methods is presented to estimate the cost and main quantities, in which the engineering cost index and engineering hardware and software environment are taken into account to improve the precision. Matlab 6.1 is employed to analyze the evaluation model. It is accurate and valuable in practice, as testified by the prototype data from Shenzhen city.
Keywords:neural network; BP neural network; engineering cost; quick estimation; estimation model