200507

2005年7月摘要

结构可靠度的时段分析方法

姚继涛
（西安建筑科技大学，陕西西安 710055）

摘要：当结构可靠度的分析涉及多个荷载效应的组合时，目前多采用JCSS根据Turkstra规则推荐的组合方法，该法在国际、国内标准中都得到了应用。本文通过研究发现，这种方法与其所采用的荷载效应概率模型是不相符的，而且会导致结构可靠度的分析结果偏于冒进。为此文中提出了结构可靠度的时段分析方法，它不仅与荷载效应概率模型完全相符，而且不必采用经验方法进行荷载效应组合，组合问题已融入结构可靠度的计算之中；同时该法还具有较强的通用性，可应用于抗力为随机过程时的情形，以及抗力、荷载效应随机过程具有非平稳性和相关性时的情形。
关键词：荷载效应；结构抗力；结构可靠度；随机过程
中图分类号：TU3112 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0001-05

TIME-INTERVAL METHOD FOR ANALYZING STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY

Yao Jitao
（Xi'an University of Architecture and technology,Xi'an 710055,China）

Abstract：When the combination of load-effects is involved in the analysis of structural reliability,the method recommended by JCSS according to Turkstra'[BFQ]s rules is generally adopted in international and domestic standards.However,as pointed out in this paper,the method doesn'[BFQ]t conform to its adopted models of stochastic load-effects,which would produce unsafe results in reliability analysis.A time-interval method for analyzing structural reliability is proposed in this paper.This method conforms perfectly to the models of stochastic load-effects,and does not need the empirical method to combine load-effects because the combination is an integral part of the analysis of structural reliability.The proposed method has quite wide applications,not only for case that the resistant is modeled as a stochastic process,but also when the stochastic processes of the resistants or load-effects are not stationary and correlated.
Keywords：load-effect;structural resistant;structural reliability;stochastic process

地震激励下非线性结构的隔震换能控制

孙作玉王晖
(广州大学，广东广州 510405)

摘要：隔震换能控制装置具有隔震换能和主动控制的双重作用，将该装置安装在建筑结构的隔震层处就构成了隔震换能控制系统。隔震层一般采用橡胶垫等强非线性材料，应用通常的线性分析方法，难以反映该系统的动力特性。本文应用MATLAB提供的s-function建立了描述非线性结构的状态空间模型，提出了建筑结构隔震换能控制系统的分析方法和控制策略。通过仿真分析，探讨了隔震层刚度及其非线性特性对隔震换能控制系统振动控制效果的影响。
关键词：非线性；结构控制；控制装置；仿真分析
中图分类号：TU3521 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0006-05

ISOLATION TRANSDUCER CONTROL OF NONLINEAR STRUCTURE UNDER SEISMIC EXCITATION

Sun Zuoyu Wang Hui
(Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510405,China)

Abstract:An isolation transducer control device has two main functions:one is isolation and energy transform,and the other is active control.A new structural control system is constructed by installing the isolation transducer control device onto the isolation layer of a structure.The property of the control system plays largely on the characteristics of the isolation layer,in which the stiffness and hysteresis are the most concerned factors.The isolation is usually made from highly nonlinear material,such as rubber.It is inadequate to analyze such a control system by using a linear analysis method.A new state space model is presented in the paper by using the s-function of MATLAB,represent the nonlinear material property.A mathematical model of the control system is established and a new control strategy is proposed.The influence of the stiffness and hysteresis of the isolation layer are discussed.A simulation example is given to show these influences on the control effects.
Keywords:nonlinearity;structural control;control device;simulation

CFRP板加固钢筋混凝土梁的分离式有限元模型

杜青¹ 蔡美峰² 张献民¹
(1河北工业大学，天津 300132； 2北京科技大学，北京 100088)

摘要：利用有限元方法对用外粘碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)板加固的钢筋混凝土梁的受弯性能进行了分析。在分析中采用了分离式非线性有限元模型，在模型中考虑了钢筋与混凝土、CFRP板与混凝土的联结滑移对梁受弯性能的影响，并用试验验证了该模型的正确性。最后，用该模型对考虑二次受力时CFRP板加固梁受力机理进行了非线性有限元分析。
关键词：钢筋混凝土；CFRP板；非线性有限元分析；粘结滑移单元；受弯性能
中图分类号：TU528572 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0011-05

SEPARATE FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF RC BEAMS WITH EXTERNALLY BONDED CFRP PLATES

Du Qing ¹ Cai Meifeng ² Zhang Xianmin ¹
(1Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300132,China;
2University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100088,China)

Abstract：The flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) plates is analyzed by using the finite element method.A separate non-linear finite element (FE) model is proposed,and the effects of interface slippage between reinforced bars,CFRP plates and concrete on the flexural behavior of the beam are considered.The model is validated by an experiment,and the mechanism of CFRP strengthened beams under secondery loading is analyzed by using the FE model.
Keywords：reinforced concrete；CFRP；non-linear finite element；interface element；flexural behavior

梁腹板在弯、剪及局压复合应力作用下的屈曲分析

蔺军¹ 顾强² 董石麟¹
（1浙江大学，浙江杭州 310027； 2苏州科技学院，江苏苏州 215011）

摘要：前钢结构设计规范(GBJ17-88)中有关梁腹板局部稳定的计算公式来源于无限弹性完善板假定，一方面与构件的实际工作状况有一定出入，导致计算结果有时会偏于不安全；另一方面又与有关钢梁在弯曲正应力作用下的强度计算公式(考虑截面部分进入塑性)不相协调。针对《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017-2003)中变动较大的该部分设计内容，本文考虑不同的几何参数及弯、剪、局压多种应力组合工况对梁腹板屈曲临界应力的影响，对修订后的梁腹板横向加劲区格在复合应力作用下的临界应力相关公式进行了大量的有限元分析与计算；重点考察了梁腹板的弹塑性屈曲性态及规范(GB50017-2003)中相关公式所具有的设计安全度。在此基础上，提出相关的设计建议，供规范修订及进一步的研究参考。
关键词：梁腹板；复合应力；弹塑性屈曲；临界应力
中图分类号：TU391 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0015-07

BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF BEAM WEBS SUBJECTED TO COMBINED BENDING, SHEAR AND PATCH LOADING

Lin Jun ¹ Gu Qiang ² Dong Shilin ¹
(1Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027，China；
(2Suzhou University of Science & Technology,Suzhou 215011,China)

Abstract:The computational formula for the local stability of beam webs is based on the assumption of infinite-elastic perfect plates in the former Code for Design of Steel Structures(GBJ17-88).This assumption contradicts to the stress states of realistic structure members,which sometimes leads to nonconservative results,and it is also incompatible with the strength formula of beams under bending stresses(considering partial plasticity of the section).These issues are studied in this paper.Considering the effects of various geometric parameters and stress combinations on the buckling critical stress of webs,the revised local buckling correlative formula for transversely stiffened web panels under combined stresses is verified by using the finite element method.The elasto-plastic buckling states of beam webs are examined emphatically,and the design safety degree of the correlative formula in the new version of the Code for Design of Steel Structures (GB50017-2003) is validated.Conclusions and suggestions for design are provided,which may be useful for code revisions and further studies.
Keywords:beam web;combined stresses;elasto-plastic buckling;critical buckling stress

掺有纤维的高强混凝土劈拉性能试验研究

高丹盈赵军汤寄予
(郑州大学，河南郑州 450002)

摘要：通过63个100mm×100mm×100mm和63个150mm×150mm×150mm高强混凝土和钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维高强混凝土试件的劈拉试验，探讨了纤维体积率(纤维掺量)及纤维类型对高强混凝土劈拉强度和变形性能的影响，提出了不同类型的钢纤维对高强混凝土劈拉强度的增强系数和劈拉强度的计算公式。
关键词：钢纤维；聚丙烯纤维；高强混凝土；劈拉强度；变形性能
中图分类号：TU528572 文献标识码:A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0021-06

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE BEHAVIOR OF FIBER REINFORCED HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE UNDER SPLITTING TENSION

Gao Danying Zhao Jun Tang Jiyu
(Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

Abstract:Through splitting tensile experiments on 63 plain and fiber(steel and polypropylene fiber) reinforced high-strength concrete specimens with the dimensions of 100mm×100mm×100mm and 63 of 150mm×150mm×150mm,the influences of fiber type and volume fraction on the splitting strength and deformation of high-strength concrete are investigated.The strengthening coefficients of different types of steel fibers on the splitting tensile strength of high-strength concrete are obtained,and a formula for calculating the splitting strengthis proposed.
Keywords:steel fiber;polypropylene fiber;high-strength concrete;splitting tensile strength;deformation properties

一个针对轻骨料混凝土的四参数多轴强度准则

王立成宋玉普
(大连理工大学，辽宁大连 116023)

摘要：通过对轻骨料混凝土多轴应力状态下的破坏特征分析，发现轻骨料混凝土的空间破坏面与静水应力轴有两个交点，这与普通混凝土破坏面为开口的结论是截然不同的，因此那些针对普通混凝土建立起来的强度准则直接应用于轻骨料混凝土是行不通的。本文建立的轻骨料混凝土多轴强度准则，偏平面上的破坏包络线采用Willam-Warnke模型在偏平面上的椭圆曲线，受拉和受压子午线采用二次抛物线形式，并利用四个参数来建立其方程。可以采用两种方法来确定这四个参数，并通过试验结果比较了这两种方法的优缺点。
关键词：轻骨料混凝土；强度准则；多轴应力；极限强度面
中图分类号：TU5282 文献表示码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0027-07

A FOUR-PARAMETER MULTI-AXIAL STRENGTH CRITERION FOR LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE (LWA) CONCRETE

Wang Licheng Song Yupu
(Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023,China)

Abstract:Experimental results have revealed that lightweight aggregate (LWA) concrete undergoes platform flow plasticity when under high compressive stress.The ultimate strength surface of LWA concrete intersects with the hydrostatic stress axis at two different points,completely different from normal concrete for which the ultimate strength surface is open-ended.Strength criteria for normal concrete do not fit LWA concrete. In this paper,a four-parameter multi-axial strength criterion for LWA concrete is presented.The strength envelope of the proposed model in the deviatoric plane adopts an elliptic curve similar to that of Willam-Warnke model, and the tensile and compressive meridians are represented by quadratic functions with four parameters. Two methods can be used for the determination of the four parameters,and their merits and drawbacks are compared through analysis of experimental data.
Keywords:lightweight aggregate (LWA) concrete；strength criterion；multi-axial stress；ultimate strength surface

L、T、十形柱受剪承载力研究

王丹黄承逵刘明
(同济大学，上海 200092)(大连理工大学，辽宁大连 116023)(沈阳建筑工程学院，辽宁沈阳 110168）

摘要：对L、T和十形柱抗剪承载力进行试验研究，在试验的基础上，对规范中T形柱抗剪承载力公式的安全性和可靠性进行验证，对L形和十形柱的抗剪承载力进行深入研究，给出了可供实际工程设计使用的偏下限抗剪承载力公式，与试验结果比较，证明安全可靠。
关键词：L形柱；T形柱；十形柱；抗剪承载力；偏下限公式
中图分类号：TU3753 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0034-06

A STUDY ON THE SHEAR BEARING CAPACITY OF SPECIAL-SHAPED COLUMNS

Wang Dan Huang Chengkui
(Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)(Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023,China)
Liu Ming
(Shenyang Architecture and Civil Engineering Institute,Shenyang 110168,China)

Abstract:The shear bearing capacities of L,T and 十-shaped columns are experimentally studied.Based on reliability of the formulas for T-shaped columns given in Code GB50010-2002 is verified,the test results and lower limit equations for calculating the shear-bearing capacities of L and 十-shaped columns are provided.Good agreement is achieved between theoretical and test results.
Keywords:L-shaped column；T-shaped column；十-shaped column；shear-bearing capacity；low-limit equation

混凝土夹芯双向板的夹层板理论分析和有限元分析

谢剑朱礼敏戴自强
（天津大学，天津 300072）

摘要：混凝土夹芯板作为一种新型的楼板（屋面板）体系，其应用一直局限于单向板。本文对混凝土夹芯双向板分别采用夹层板理论和有限元分析软件ANSYS 进行了分析。两者结果十分接近，证明了有限元分析的正确性。分析结果表明该类板的抗裂性能较好，刚度较大，且具有较高的抗弯承载力，能更好地适应今后楼板（屋面板）体系的发展方向。
关键词：混凝土夹芯双向板；夹层板理论分析；ANSYS有限元分析
中图分类号：TU3752 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0039-07

SANDWICH PLATE THEORY AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALISES OF CONCRETE SANDWICH TWO-WAY PANELS

Xie Jian Zhu Limin Dai Ziqiang
(Tianjin University，Tiangjin 300072,China)

Abstract:As a kind of new-style floorslab or roof boarding system, concrete sandwich panels have been all along applied to one-way slabs.In this paper,concrete sandwich two-way panels are analyzed by using sandwich plate theory and finite element analysis by using the software-ANSYS,respectively.Both results are in good agreement,which prove the validity of the finite element analysis. The analytical results show this type of panels have preferable crack resistance,stiffness and flexural capacity,which can be adapted to the development of floorslab and roof boarding systems.
Keywords:concrete sandwich two-way panels;analysis of sandwich plate theory;ANSYS finite element analysis

城市污水对初沉池混凝土不均衡损伤特性研究

韩静云¹ 郜志海¹ 张小伟^1,2
（1苏州科技学院，江苏苏州 215011； 2同济大学，上海 200092）

摘要：污水处理设施中的混凝土构筑物常年受到污水的侵蚀作用，其中以收集与储存高COD值污水的初沉池损坏最为严重。在初沉池的不同位置放置混凝土试件，经700天的浸泡试验，证明污水对混凝土产生腐蚀，由于混凝土在污水中所处位置不同，损坏程度也不相同。受污水流冲刷的气液界面处最为严重，研究认为这种部位应是污水处理设施中混凝土结构耐久性设计时要考虑的重点。
关键词：初沉池；混凝土；污水；腐蚀；损伤
中图分类号：TU8235 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0045-05

NON-UNIFORM DAMAGE OF PRIMARY SEDIMENTATION POOL CONCRETE BY CITY SEWAGE

Han Jingyun ¹ Gao Zhihai ¹ Zhang Xiaowei ^1，2
(1University of Science & Technology of Suzhou,Suzhou 215011，China；
2Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

Abstract:Concrete in wastewater treatment facilities is being perennially encroached by the sewage.The primary sedimentation pools which collect and reserve sewage with high COD may be seriously damaged.By placing concrete specimens at different positions of the primary sedimentation pools for 700 days,it is proved that sewage can corrode the concrete.At different positions in sewage,the deterioration degrees of the concrete specimens are different.The specimens are corroded most seriously at the gas-liquid interfacial positions where the specimens are exposed to scour at the same time.It is considered that this part of concrete of the primary sedimentation pools should be treated with anti-corrosive measures in the design of wastewater treatment facilities.
Keywords:primary sedimentation pools；concrete；sewage；corrosion；damage

结构检测数据的无线传输系统

董亮陆熙霍达
（北京工业大学，北京 100022）

摘要：在结构试验中，不论是实验室试验还是工程现场检测，都存在着数据采集布线复杂的问题，尤其对于空间尺度较大的结构试验（如实验室大尺寸和足尺结构试验，工程结构的现场动力检测等），这一问题更加突出，有时造成了不能同步对各测点进行数据采集。本文根据结构试验数据采集对采样速率、被测信号的频率量程、同步精度等技术要求，对应用于结构试验无线数据采集系统中的几种无线数据传输技术各自的优劣性进行了比较，综合提出了结构试验无线数据采集系统的可行性方案。
关键词：无线数据采集；蓝牙；采样速率；同步精度
中图分类号：TU317 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0050-04

THE WIRELESS DATA TRANSFERRING SYSTEM OF STRUCTURE TESTING

Dong Liang Lu Xi Huo Da
(Beijing University of Technology，Beijing 100022,China)

Abstract:No matter in laboratory experiment or measurement in site, it is very difficult to set lines to obtain data needed in structural tests. This question is more protruding especially in those structural tests which are of large size (such as large size or full size structural test in laboratory, or dynamic measurement of structure in site etc.). Sometimes it is impossible to obtain data of several points measured synchronously. This article, according to the structural test data acquisition to sampling speed and by the frequency measuring distance and synchronous precision of survey signal etc. specifications, compared several kinds of wireless data transferring systems of structure testing technology (chiefly about IEEE802.11, DECT's technology and blue tooth technology), and point out their advantages and disadvantages respectively when they are applied in the wireless data transferring system of structure testing. Putting forward the feasibility scheme of wireless data transferring systems of structure testing generally.
Keywords:wireless data collection；blue tooth；sampling rate；synch precision

千米级斜拉桥施工过程中的索力优化与线形控制研究

张建民肖汝诚
(同济大学，上海 200092)

摘要：采用一阶最优化计算方法来确定某千米级斜拉桥的合理施工状态，将斜拉桥成桥后的线形和梁塔的最小弯曲应变能设为目标函数，根据其重要程度的不同，给予不同的加权系数。通过对目标函数的最优化处理，求出各施工阶段的斜拉索索力和主梁的预转折角，用空间非线性有限元模拟了钢箱梁的悬臂拼装过程，为桥梁的施工控制提供依据。
关键词：斜拉桥；一阶分析法；合理施工状态
中图分类号：U44338 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0054-07

CABLE FORCE OPTIMIZATION AND LINETYPE CONTROL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A THOUSAND-METER SCALE CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE

Zhang Jianmin Xiao Rucheng
(Tongji University，Shanghai 200092,China)

Abstract:This paper adopts the first order optimization method to determine the rational construction state of a thousand-meter scale cable-stayed bridge.The square sum of girder elevation errors and the bending strain energy of the girders and the cable tower constitutes the objective function,with different weighting coefficients.By minimizing the objective function,the tensile force of cables and the prearranged angle of girders in construction state are obtained. Using geometically nonlinear FEM,the actual cantilever construction process of steel box-shaped girders is simulated.The results provide a basis for the construction control of the bridge.
Keywords:cable-stayed bridge;first order optimization method;rational construction state

风-车-桥系统空间耦合振动研究

李永乐强士中廖海黎
（西南交通大学，四川成都 610031）

摘要：风-车-桥耦合振动系统中将自然风作为空间相关的平稳随机过程，车辆采用质点-弹簧-阻尼器模型，桥梁采用有限元模型。在分析风桥间的流固耦合作用、车桥间的接触耦合作用及风对车辆的空间脉动作用的基础上，将风、车、桥三者作为一个交互作用、协调工作的耦合动力系统，提出了一种较为完善的风-车-桥系统空间耦合振动分析模型。基于轮轨接触点处的几何协调条件和力学平衡关系，建立了系统运动方程的分离迭代求解算法。最后以京沪高速铁路南京大桥为工程背景，采用自行研发的桥梁结构分析软件BANSYS对比分析了风-车-桥系统振动特点。
关键词：风-车-桥系统；耦合振动；侧向风；高速列车；斜拉桥
中图分类号：U446 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0061-05

3-D COUPLED VIBRATION OF WIND-VEHICLE-BRIDGE SYSTEM

Li Yongle Qiang Shizhong Liao Haili
(Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

Abstract:In a wind-vehicle-bridge system, wind is regarded as a stationary stochastic process, mass-spring-damper model is adopted for the vehicle, and finite element model is adopted for the bridge. Fluid-solid coupling between wind and bridge, contact coupling between vehicle and bridge,and stochastic action of wind on the vehicle are analyzed. Wind, vehicle and bridge can be regarded as a coupled vibration system. A novel three-dimensional dynamic model of the wind-vehicle-bridge system is presented in this paper. Based on the geometric and mechanical coupling relation shipe at the contact point of wheel and rail, a separated iterative procedure is developed to solve the kinematic equation of the WVB system.Using a self-developed software,BANSYS,the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge on the Peking-Shanghai high speed railway is analyzed to illustrate the vibration characteristies of the WVB system.
Keywords:wind-vehicle-bridge system;coupled vibration;cross wind;high speed vehicle;cable-stayed bridge

京通线烟囱沟桥上列车走行安全性、舒适性及平稳性分析

向俊曾庆元
（中南大学，湖南长沙 410075）

摘要：指出了国内外在列车—桥梁时变系统空间振动计算中存在的不足，并提出了改进办法。诠释了桥上列车走行安全性的含义。基于桥上列车脱轨力学机理，提出了桥上列车走行安全性、舒适性及平稳性的计算原理。阐述了系统运动稳定性的判别准则。根据列车脱轨能量随机分析理论及列车—桥梁时变系统空间振动计算模型，对京通线烟囱沟桥上列车走行安全性、舒适性及平稳性进行了计算，并对其计算结果进行了分析。由于该桥跨中横向水平振幅达到8465mm，晃动较大，文中最后还对该桥提出了限速建议值。
关键词：桥梁；列车；脱轨力学机理；系统运动稳定性；判别准则：安全性；舒适性；平稳性；限速值
中图分类号：U270，U447 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0065-06

SAFETY，COMFORT AND SMOOTHNESS ANALYSES OF TRAINS RUNNING ON THE YANCONGGOU BRIDGE IN THE JINGTIONG RAILROAD

Xiang Jun Zeng Qingyuan
(Central South University,Changsha 4100075,China)

Abstract:Limitations in the spatial vibration calculation of train-bridge time-varying systems are pointed out,and an impproved method is proposed.The meaning of safety of trains running on a bridge is annotated .On the basis of the mechanical mechanism of train derailment,the calculation principle for the safety,comfort and smoothness analyses of trains running on a railway bridge is put forward.The criterion for evaluating the dynamic stability of the system is expounded.According to the theory of random energy analysis of train derailment and the calculation model of spatial vibration of train-bridge time-variant system,safety,comfort and smoothness calculation and analysis of trains running on the Yanconggou bridge in the Jingtong Railway Line are conducted.Owing to the rather large lateral amplitude as high as 8465mm,the bridge swing is significant;the limit speed value for this bridge is provided.
Keywords:bridge;train;mechanical mechanism of derailment;dynamic stability of system;evaluation criterion;safety;comfort;smoothness;limited speed value

桥梁健康无线监测系统

唐亚鸣¹ 丁立波² 张河²
（1河海大学，江苏常州 213022； 2南京理工大学，江苏南京 210094）

摘要：桥梁无线监测系统克服了传统的有线监测的造价高、抗干扰性差的缺点。介绍了无线监测的概念和基本构成，设计了一种桥梁监测无线数字传输系统并进行了应变测试实验。分析了该系统的自身供能方法，分析了振动供能，提出了一种无线监测压电陶瓷电源，进行了该电源能量的理论分析，分析了两种电源的应用场合，为桥梁无线监测系统的设计应用提供了参考。
[HTH]关键词：[HTSS]无线监测；数字传输；无线供能；桥梁监测
中图分类号：TP873 U4462 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0071-04

BRIDGE HEALTH WIRELESS MONITORING SYSTEM

Tang Yaming ¹ Ding Libo ² Zhang He ²
(1 Hehai University,Changzhou 213022,China;
2 Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

Abstract:Bridge health wireless motoring system avoides the drawbacks of conventional wire monitoring:high installation costs and leave wires vulnerable to ambient signal noise corruption.The conception and construction of wireless monitoring system are put forward.A wireless digital communicate system is designed and the strain test is tested.Self energy supply of the system is discussed.Vibration energy supply is also discussed.A type of bridge wireless monitoring piezoelectricity material generator is put out.The energy calculation of the piezoelectricity material generator is analyzed.Application of the two generators are discussed which will helpful to the design of wireless monitoring system.
Keywords:wireless monitoring；digital communicate；wireless energy supply；bridge monitoring

CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载能力实用计算方法

李松辉赵国藩王松根
(山东科技大学，山东青岛 266510)(大连理工大学，辽宁大连 116024) (山东省交通厅公路局，山东济南 250002)

摘要：在综合国内外粘贴碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载能力计算理论的基础上，重点分析了基于Khalifa（2000）有效应变修正模型及Schnerch（2001）有效应变模型的抗剪加固计算理论，通过比较粘贴碳纤维布抗剪加固梁试验值与理论值的吻合程度，指出了Khalifa（2000）有效应变修正模型的不足。最后，根据我国《混凝土结构设计规范》(GBJ50010－2002)和《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》（JTJ023-85）及(JJG D62-2004)，建立了基于Schnerch有效应变模型的抗剪加固梁受剪承载力计算方法，通过与试验值对比，所提抗剪加固公式的计算结果是安全可靠的，可用于实际结构的抗剪加固设计。
关键词：钢筋混凝土梁；碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)；加固；受剪承载能力；设计方法
中图分类号：TU3751 U4457+2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0075-06

SHEAR DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR RC BEAMS STRENGTHENED IN SHEAR WITH CFRP

Li Songhui Zhao Guofan Wang Songgen
(Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266510,China)
(Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)
(Highway Bureau of Shandong Province，Jinan 250002,China)

Abstract:This paper is concerned with the development of a simple design model for the calculation of the fiber reinforced polymer contribution to the shear capacity of FRP-strengthened RC beams. Existing design proposals for computing the shear capacity of RC beams strengthened in shear with CFRP are briefly reviewed,and their deficiencies highlighted. A new simple shear design model is then developed based on the modified effective average CFRP stress model presented by Khalifa（2000）and the effective strain model presented by Schnerch（2001）. Two models are validated against experimental data. The results indicate that Khalifa（2000）effective strain model fails to calculate the shear capacity of strengthened beams with more than two CFRP plies. Finally, according to the specifications for concrete structures (GBJ50010－2002)and the specifications for highway bridges and culverts(JTJ023-85) and (JTG D62-2004),a simple design approach for computing the shear capacity is presented. Test results are used to validate the present shear design approach,and the results show that the proposed design approach is conservative and acceptable.
Keywords:reinforced concrete beams；carbon fiber reinforced polymer（CFRP）；strengthening；shear capacity；design methodology

预应力混凝土管桩与桩帽连接节点轴拔性能原型试验研究

李平先^1，2 张雷顺¹ 赵国藩²
（1郑州大学，河南郑州 450002；2大连理工大学，辽宁大连 116023）

摘要：通过对直径1200mm的预应力混凝土管桩与桩帽连接节点轴拔性能的原型试验研究，描述了连接节点的破坏形态，分析了连接节点的工作性能和影响轴拔承载力的主要因素，并用有限元对连接节点的受力情况进行了分析计算。在试验的基础上，结合新老混凝土粘结性能的试验结果，对连接节点极限轴拔承载力的计算给出了建议计算公式，其结果与试验数据吻合较好。
关键词：预应力管桩；桩帽；连接节点；原型试验；轴拔承载力
中图分类号：TU317+2 TU4731+6 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0081-06

PROTOTYPE TEST ON THE AXIAL PULL-OUT BEHAVIOR OF THE JOINT OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PIPE PILE AND PILE CAP

Li Pingxian ^1，2 Zhang Leishun ¹ Zhao Guofan ²
(1Zhengzhou University，Zhengzhou 450002，China；2Dalian University of Technology，Dalian 116023,China)

Abstract:According to the result of a pull-out prototype test of the connection between a prestressed concrete pipe pile of 1200mm in diameter and a pile cap,the failure form, bonding mechanism and influencing factors of the connection are discussed.The bonding stress distribution between pipe pile and pile cap is calculated by using the finite element method.Based on the test results of the bond strength of new and old concrete,a calculation formule is preposed to estimate the ultimate capacity of the connection between prestressed concrete pipe pile and pile cap.The calculation results are in good agreement with the test data.
Keywords:prestressed concrete pipe pile;pile cap;connection joint;prototype test;axial pull-out capacity

CFG桩复合地基承载力确定

佟建兴¹ 胡志坚² 闫明礼¹ 王明山¹
(1中国建筑科学研究院，北京 100013， 2华纺房地产开发公司，北京 100006)

摘要：CFG桩复合地基是刚性桩复合地基，属于地基范畴；复合桩基是桩基，属于基础范畴。CFG桩复合地基中单桩承载力大于自由单桩承载力，复合地基桩间土承载力一般情况下大于天然地基承载力。复合地基承载力特征值应通过现场复合地基载荷试验确定，试验方案要合理模拟工程实际条件。利用公式估算复合地基承载力特征值时要合理选择Ra、fsk、β的取值。公式计算结果一般不大于载荷试验结果。CFG桩复合地基载荷试验中，褥垫层厚度取150mm，褥垫层周围预留原状土约束形成侧限条件。
关键词：CFG桩；复合地基；承载力
中图分类号TU4731 文献标识码:A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0087-05

IDENTIFICATION OF THE BEARING CAPACITY OF CFG PILE COMPOSITE FOUNDATION

Tong Jianxing ¹ Hu Zhijian1 Yan Mingli ¹ Wang Mingshan ¹
(1China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China，
2Huafang Real Estate Development co.,Beijing 100006,China)

Abstract:CFG pile composite foundation is a type of rigid subgrade,whereas composite pile foundation is a type of foundation.The bearing capacity of one single pile in a CFG pile composite foudation is higher than that of a free single pile,and the bearing capacity of soil surrounding the CFG piles is commonly higher than that of natural soil.The characteristic bearing capacity of a composite foundation should be confirmed by field bearing test,that can simulate realistic engineering condition,and rational values ofRa,fskandβshould be employed to estimate bearing capacity of a composite foundation.The formula calculation is in general smaller than that of loading test.In a bearing test of a CFG pile composite foundation,the thickness of the cushioning layer is taken as 150mm,and the preserved surrounding soil forms a laterally constrained condition.
Keywords:CFG pile；composite foundation；bearing capacity

液化土层中桩基抗震性能振动台试验研究

冯士伦王建华郭金童
（天津大学，天津 300072）

摘要：通过振动台试验，研究了饱和砂土中桩基的振动特性，对桩土振动过程中的动力相互作用有了初步的认识。根据试验结果，做出了砂土液化后，距模型桩不同位置处的砂土的动力p-y曲线与API推荐做法得到的静力p-y曲线，并对两者进行了比较，说明了饱和砂土液化降低了模型桩的横向承载能力，但并没有使模型桩的横向承载能力完全丧失。提示工程设计人员在对可液化砂层的横向承载能力进行考虑时，完全不考虑可液化砂层的横向承载能力是保守的。
关键词：砂土；液化；桩基础；振动台；桩土相互作用
中图分类号：TU4731 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0092-04

A SHAKE TABLE TEST ON THE SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF PILE FOUNDATION IN LIQUEFIED SOIL

Feng Shilun Wang Jianhua Guo Jintong
(Tianjin University，Tianjin 300072，China)

Abstract:The behavior of a model pile in a saturated sand layer undergoing liquefaction is studied by using a shake table test.According to the test results,the dynamic and static p-y behaviors of the saturated sand at different depths are analyzed and compared. The lateral resistance of the soil decreases after the sand becomes liquefied,but it does not lose its bearing capecity completely.It is conservative not to consider the lateral resistance of the liquefied soil when the pile in a liquefied soil is designed.
Keywords:sand；liquefaction；pile foundation；shake table test；pile-soil interaction

考虑裂纹尖端场的数值流形方法

李树忱程玉民
(山东大学，山东济南 250061)（上海大学，上海 200072）

摘要：数值流形方法起源于不连续变形分析，主要用于统一求解连续和非连续问题，其核心技术是在分析时采用了双重网格：数学网格提供的节点形成求解域的有限覆盖和权函数；而物理网格为求解的积分域。由于该方法考虑了块体运动学，因此就可以模拟节理岩体裂隙的开裂与闭合过程。但对于裂纹尖端的局部化现象，数值流形方法需要像有限元那样在裂纹尖端设置细密单元。本文在单位分解法的理论基础上，应用裂纹尖端局部函数来扩展原有的数值流形方法的基函数，提出考虑裂纹尖端场的数值流形方法。本文方法扩展了原有数值流形方法对裂纹尖端问题的求解能力，同时对非连续问题也比原有数值流形方法的求解精度高。
关键词：数值流形方法；单位分解法；扩展基函数；裂纹；应力强度因子
中图分类号：P584 TU452 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0096-07

NUMERICAL MANIFOLD METHOD FOR CRACK TIP FIELDS

Li Shuchen Cheng Yumin
(Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China)(Shanghai University,Shanghai 200072,China)

Abstract:The Numerical Manifold Method (NMM) comes from discontinuous deformation analysis,and unifies continuous and discontinuous mechanics into one system. Two meshes are employed in the method: the mathematical mesh provides the nodes to build a finite cover system of the solution domain and the weighted functions,while the physical mesh provides the sub-domains of integration. The NMM can simulate the open and close process of cracks in a fractured rockmass due to the kinematics theory for the blocks.However,the NMM needs lots of elements at the tip of a crack when employed in solving the local problems with cracks.In this paper,based on the unit partition method,the basis functions of the NMM are expanded by using the local functions at the tip of the cracks,to formulate a numerical manifold method for crack tip fields.The proposed method extends the capability of NMM in solving crack problems and is more accurate than the conventional NMM.
Keywords:numerical manifold method;unit partition method;expanded basis function;crack;stress intensity factor

考虑上拔力作用点位置影响的抗拔桩变形分析

张洁尚岳全林旭武
(浙江大学，浙江杭州 310027)

摘要：上拔力作用点位置对抗拔桩摩阻力分布有决定性影响，是分析抗拔桩荷载变形机理的关键性因素。根据试验资料，将抗拔桩离散成作用点以上的上部承压桩和作用点以下的下部抗拔桩，两者在上拔力作用点所在截面满足荷载平衡条件和位移协调条件，由此可建立反映上拔力作用点位置影响的抗拔桩分析模型，该模型采用荷载传递法求解，得出了不同上拔力作用点下摩阻力分布、桩顶荷载位移、作用点所在截面荷载位移解析解。理论解表明，上拔力作用点以上和以下的桩体都存在临界桩长现象。文章还提出了最优上拔力作用点概念及其计算方法，对实际工程具有重要的指导意义。
关键词：上拔力;作用点位置;抗拔桩;临界桩长;荷载位移;最优位置
中图分类号：TU4731 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0102-05

DEFORMATION ANALYSIS FOR UPLIFT PILES CONSIDERING THE ACTION POSITION OF UPLIFT FORCE

Zhang Jie Shang Yuequan Lin Xuwu
(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

Abstract:The action point of uplift force plays a dominant role in the distribution of friction resistance along uplift piles,and thus it is a key factor in the analysis of the load-displacement relationship of uplift piles. The analysis model of uplift pile is established by dividing the pile shaft into two parts according to experimental data.The pile portion above the dividing action point is considered as a compressive pile,the portion under the action point is considered as a tension pile,and these two pile portions satisfy equilibrium and compatibility equations.The model is solved by using a load transfer method,and analytical solutions of friction resistance force distribution and load-displacement relationship are obtained.Analytical solutions indicate that critical-length phenomenon exists for both pile portions.The action position of uplift force can be optimized,and the corresponding calculation method is proposed.
Keywords:uplift force;position of action point;uplift pile;critical pile length;load displacement function;optimal action point position

土工格栅加筋边坡坡顶条基极限荷载的预测

陶连金¹ Richard J. Bathurst²
(1北京工业大学，北京 100022； 2加拿大皇家军事学院(RMC)，加拿大安大略省金斯敦K7K 7B4)

摘要：通过土工合成材料加固的边坡，承载能力显著提高，因而获得广泛应用。为了合理的评价加筋边坡的坡顶条形基础的极限荷载，制作了足尺寸模型并进行了试验，采用延性较好但强度较低的聚丙烯（PP）土工格栅对边坡进行了加固，在坡顶通过条形基础（钢梁）施加荷载直至边坡破坏，获得了极限荷载以及边坡的变形和破坏规律，通过细致的测试手段，详细地捕捉到模型的力学响应。在此基础上，通过校验的FLAC数值模型，对土工格栅加筋边坡的承载能力进行了预测，得到了满意的结果。
关键词：土工格栅；边坡；数值模拟；极限荷载
中图分类号:U416212 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0107-05

FOOTING LOAD PREDICTION OF GEOGRID REINFORCED SLOPE BY NUMERICAL METHOD

Tao lianjin ¹ Richard Jbathurst ²
(1 Beijing University of Technology，Beijing 100022，China；
2 Royal Military College,Kingston,Ontario K7K 7B4,Canada)

Abstract:The stability of a slope or embankment can be significantly increased by introducing geosynthetic reinforcement layers into the soil. While common practice for slope stability, this technique is less common for slopes or embankments supporting a footing near the crest.In order to predict the load-displacement behaviour of a footing near the crest of a reinforced sand embankment,a full-scale structure was constructed with the retaining wall test facility at RMC. Four layers of a relatively weak and extensible polypropylene (PP) geogrid were used as the reinforcement in one model and a second, otherwise identical model was constructed without any reinforcement layers. Both models were loaded to failure using a steel beam (footing) near the crest. The performance of the embankments was monitored using a large array of instrumentation. A FLAC numerical model was shown to give satisfactory agreement with measurements taken during each physical test.
Keywords:geogrid；slope；numerical modelling；ultimate load

成层软土地基黏弹性参数反演及沉降预测

俞亚南张仪萍高庆丰
（浙江大学，浙江杭州 310027）（厦门市市政工程设计院，福建厦门 361004）

摘要：基于Merchant黏弹性模型Biot平面固结有限元法，根据实测资料，采用直接优化方法反演土体参数，然后根据反演所得参数计算后期沉降。针对多层软土地基多设计变量反演解的唯一性问题，提出采用分层分部迭代反演方法。将反演参数分成两部分，先分层迭代反演渗透系数，再分层迭代反演黏弹性参数。最后，以工程实例说明了反演策略的可行性。
[HTH]关键词：[HTSS]沉降；黏弹性；反演；预测
[HTH]中图分类号：U41612 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0112-04

INVERSE-ANALYSIS OF THE VISCOELASTIC PARAMETERS OF LAYERED SOFT GROUND AND SETTLEMENT PREDICTION

Yu Yanan Zhang Yiping
(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)
Gao Qingfeng
(Xiamen Municipal Engineering Design Institute,Xiamen 361004,China)

Abstract:Based on the 2-D Biot's consolidation FEM of the Merchant's viscoelastic model and observed data,the parameters of the soil are determined by using the direct optimization method.The post-construction settlement is then predicted using the inverse-analysis results.A new iterative method is proposed to solve the well-posed inverse problem for layered soft ground.An example is provided to illustrate the feasibility of the iterative method.
Keywords:settlement;viscous-elasticity;inverse-analysis;prediction

山区公路高填方涵洞减载方法及试验研究

杨锡武张永兴
(重庆交通学院，重庆 400074)(重庆大学，重庆 400045)

摘要：提出了高填方涵洞加筋减载方法及加筋桥减载概念，用模型试验证明了高填方涵管加筋减载的有效性、加筋减载的合理布筋方式、影响加筋减载效果的因素。试验结果表明，应用加筋桥减载结构可在高填方涵洞上方形成一个结构明确而较稳定的卸荷结构－“加筋桥”，通过加筋桥的承载作用，有效地把涵顶的垂直土压力传递到涵台外的填土上，从而达到减载目的。采用数值模拟计算方法研究了加筋减载的力学机理，通过现场试验证明了加筋减载的良好效果。试验研究结果表明，高填方涵管加筋减载方法具有机理明确、施工操作简便、质量易于保证，安全可靠的特点。这种减载方法不但适用于高填方涵洞，而且适用于其他各种填埋式地下洞室的减载。
关键词：涵洞；加筋；减载；高填方；公路
中图分类号：U449 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0116-06

LOAD REDUCTION METHOD AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR CULVERTS WITH THICK BACKFILLS ON ROADWAYS IN MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS

Yang XiwuZhang
(Chongqing Institute of Communications,Chongqing 400074,China)
Yongxing
(Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China)

Abstract:Presented in this paper are a method of reinforcement load reduction for highway culverts under high fills and a new concept of reinforcement load reduction bridge.In the presented method,a bridge consisting of reinforcements and a ditch filled with unpacked soil and packed soil around the ditch are built over the culvert to reduce the vertical earth pressure on the top of the culvert.The mechanism of reinforcement load reduction bridge results from the deflection and anchorage action of the reinforcements,i.e.,as the soil is filled on the top of the culvert,the reinforcements will deflect and the vertical earth pressure is borne by the deflected reinforcements and then transported to the packed soil around the ditch through the anchorage action of the reinforcements.The effect of reinforcement load reduction is demonstrated by model and field tests of a concrete slab.
Keywords:culvert；reinforcement；load reduction；high fills；highway

住房需求的收入弹性：模型、估计与预测

郑思齐刘洪玉
（清华大学，北京 100084）

摘要：住房需求的收入弹性是描述居民住房需求特征的重要指标。本文从估计收入弹性所需的各个要素入手，深入探讨了收入弹性的理论含义和估计方法。在此基础上，利用微观截面数据来克服宏观数据的缺陷，对样本总体、不同收入家庭和不同年龄家庭的收入弹性分别进行了估计。实证分析的结果表明，北京市购房家庭的收入弹性约为0.86，该值比西方发达国家要低。这说明住房仍偏于消费品，居民住房投资的意识较为淡泊。对不同收入和不同年龄家庭的分组估计表明，随着收入和年龄的增长，收入弹性均呈现先升后降的趋势。收入弹性也被用于对一个城市的住房需求增长进行预测。这些定量结论对于分析住房市场结构和预测住房需求的变化，有重要的理论和实践意义。
关键词：住房需求；收入弹性；家庭收入；家庭生命周期
中图分类号：F2933 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0122-05

INCOME ELASTICITY OF HOUSING DEMAND IN CHINA:MODEL, ESTIMATION AND FORECAST
Zheng Siqi Liu Hongyu

(Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084,China)

Abstract:Income elasticity of housing demand is an important index reflecting the characteristics of housing demand. This paper investigates the definition and estimation of income elasticity, and uses cross-section data to estimate the income elasticity of households who buy commercial houses in Beijing. The statistical results show that the elasticity is 086 for those households,smaller than developed countries. So housing still belongs to consumption goods, and households have little housing investment motives. The elasticity estimation moves up first and then declines along with the increase of income. It also raises and then drops with the aging of the household head. Income elasticity is also employed to estimate the increase of housing demand in a city. The quantitative conclusions of this paper have important implications for the study of market structure and the forecast of housing demand.
Keywords:housing demand；income elasticity；household income；household lifecycle

“围标”经济行为分析

周其明任宏
(深圳市福田区审计局，广东深圳 518048)（重庆大学，重庆 400045）

摘要：随着我国建筑招标投标市场的完善和规范化，大多数的违规行为已得到了有效的控制，但围标行为却有愈演愈烈的趋势，严重影响了建筑市场的公平竞争，阻碍了我国建筑行业的顺利发展。文中首先分析了围标行为产生的背景和预防围标行为的重要意义，紧接着阐述了围标行为的整个过程，并从经济学角度建立了围标预期收益模型，详细分析了各经济变量与围标预期收益之间的关系，最后根据模型分析结果提出了预防围标的措施和建议。
关键词：建筑工程；招标投标；围标；经济分析
中图分类号：TU7232 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-131X(2005)07-0127-04

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF TOGETHER-CONSPIRED BIDDING

Zhou Qiming Ren Hong
(Shenzhen Futian Audit Bureau,Shenzhen 518048,China)(Chong Qing University,Chongqing 400045,China)

Abstract:Since China adopted formalized and standardized procedures of tender and bidding in the construction industry, many illegal actions have been prevented effectively.However,together-con
Spired bidding, a new illegal activity,has recently emerged in many regions of China. It is widely believed that the established fair competition system will be frustrated and the healthy development of the industry will be harmed, if the together-conspired bidding cannot be controlled. This paper introduces the background of together-conspired bidding and emphasizes the necessity of preventing it.The entire process of together-conspired bidding is studied and an anticipated profit model for together-conspired bidding is provided from the economic angle.According to the analysis on interactions between the economic factors and the anticipated profits, some strategic methods to prevent together-conspired bidding are recommended.
Keywords:construction projects；tender and bidding；together-conspired bidding；economic analysis